Question 1

In the Bolshevik struggle against the Whites

Accepted Answer

The statement "the Whites were plagued by internal divisions" suggests that they were not united in their struggle against the Bolsheviks, which weakened their efforts and made it easier for the Bolsheviks to eventually emerge victorious. Option B is incorrect because the Bolsheviks did gain possession of interior communications, which helped them coordinate their actions more effectively. Option C is also incorrect because the Bolsheviks had greater popular support, especially among the peasants who made up the majority of the population. Option D is false; the Germans did not support the Bolsheviks but rather fought against them. Finally, option E is also false because the Whites were associated with the tsarist system, which was widely disliked by many Russians for its autocratic rule and social inequalities.

Question 2

Stalin's industrialization campaign included all the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

Stalin's industrialization campaign did not include a concerted attempt to expand the consumer goods sector. The focus was on heavy industry, such as steel and coal production, to catch up and surpass the industrialized countries of the West. Stalin believed in intensified exploitation of the peasants and workers, who were forced to work long hours for low wages. Despite the global Great Depression, the Soviet Union continued to experience growth in its industrial sector.

Question 3

The politburo refers to

Accepted Answer

The politburo is a small, intimate group of Communist Party leaders responsible for making key decisions in communist countries, such as the Soviet Union and China. It is considered the most powerful institution within the party and the government.

Question 4

The Comintern was all the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

The Comintern was not the basis of the Gulag system. The Gulag was a Soviet labor camp system that emerged in the 1930s and was not directly controlled by the Comintern.

Question 5

In the totalitarian state, the individual​

Accepted Answer

In a totalitarian state, the individual exists solely for the purpose of enabling the state to achieve its goals, typically for building a new social order. The state controls every aspect of life, including morality and ideology, making it impossible for the individual to retain private moral judgment or hold unorthodox opinions. The authority is not to be questioned, regardless of conscience.

Question 6

Totalitarian systems sought to eradicate the democratic states that preceded them through all of the following mechanisms EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

Totalitarian systems did not seek to eradicate democratic states by ignoring the need for popular approval from the people, as they still sought to maintain their own legitimacy through various propaganda and manipulation tactics. The other options, including abolishing political parties, determining what people should believe, and eliminating or regulating private institutions, were all methods used by totalitarian systems to exert control over society. Additionally, the use of technology and the state's bureaucracy to enforce their commands and impose their ideology was a common feature of totalitarian systems.

Question 7

The text asserts that totalitarianism differed significantly  from earlier autocratic regimes in that its leaders

Accepted Answer

Totalitarian leaders demanded not only outward obedience but also enthusiastic support and loyalty from their subjects. This is different from earlier autocratic regimes, which often relied on fear and coercion to maintain their power rather than demanding ideological conformity.

Question 8

The Communists under Lenin created an effective Red Army by

Accepted Answer

The Communists under Lenin used all of the above methods to create an effective Red Army. Compulsory military service ensured a large pool of recruits, tsarist officers were forced to serve and kept under close surveillance to prevent sabotage or rebellion, machine-gunning retreating soldiers was a brutal but effective way to enforce discipline and prevent desertion, and strict discipline overall ensured that the army was well-trained and organized.

Question 9

Casualties on all sides of the Russian Civil War

Accepted Answer

The text explicitly states that the casualties totaled 1.2 million, but this number does not include other deaths such as executed Jews, famine deaths, and political opponents, which would make the number even higher.

Question 10

Carl J. Friedrich and Zbigniew Brzezinski believed that totalitarian states​

Accepted Answer

The answer of Carl J. Friedrich and Zbigniew Brzezinski believed...

Question 11

Events in Kronstadt in 1921 were associated with

Accepted Answer

The events in Kronstadt in 1921 were a naval and workers' revolt against the Communists. The Kronstadt rebellion was a challenge to the Bolshevik government's monopoly on power, highlighting growing discontent with Bolshevik policies among urban and rural workers, sailors, and soldiers.

Question 12

Which of the following is the most accurate statement? In the years 1921-1928

Accepted Answer

During the years 1921-1928, the Soviet government implemented the New Economic Policy (NEP), which allowed for some limited capitalist activity to revive the economy. However, the Communist Party and government also tightened controls both within the Party and in the government to maintain their control over the country. Therefore, option D is the most accurate statement. The other options either overstate the successes of the Communist Party or misrepresent their policies.

Question 13

The series of Five-Year Plans did NOT​  result in

Accepted Answer

The Five-Year Plans did not result in Western-style efficiency, as the Soviet system of central planning and state control was fundamentally different from capitalist-oriented economies in the West.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT true of t he W ar C ommunism created during the Russian Civil War ?

Accepted Answer

War Communism did not lead to increased worker productivity in factories. In fact, it often led to worker dissatisfaction and reduced productivity due to harsh working conditions and lack of incentives.

Question 15

In which ways was totalitarianism pseudoreligious?

Accepted Answer

Totalitarianism provided people with a comprehensive explanation for the entire world, history, and their place in it, just like a religion would. It also focused on a great battle between good and evil, giving people a clear sense of purpose and direction. The isolation and loneliness felt by many people in modern society was addressed by the unity and belonging provided by the totalitarian state. Finally, for some fervent supporters, totalitarianism inspired the same kind of devotion that is usually associated with religion.

Question 16

How did Stalin come to succeed Lenin as leader of the Soviet Union?

Accepted Answer

Stalin used his position as General Secretary of the Communist Party to build up a strong following and support base, which ultimately helped him succeed Lenin as leader of the Soviet Union.

Question 17

Under the New Economic Policy, the Communists

Accepted Answer

Under the New Economic Policy (NEP), introduced by Lenin in 1921, certain elements of the economy were allowed to return to private hands. This included small businesses and peasant farms, which were no longer confiscated, and the allowance of a limited free market. The NEP was seen as a departure from War Communism, which aimed for complete government control of the economy.

Question 18

What is meant by Zbigniew Brzezinski's term, metamyth ?

Accepted Answer

Metamyth, as defined by Brzezinski, refers to the grand narrative or "transcendental truth" propagated by totalitarian regimes to justify their power and control over people. This narrative may be based on false premises and may claim to have the answer to all problems or uncertainties facing humanity. It is distinct from myths that are part of traditional religions, which totalitarian regimes often view as threats to their own authority.

Question 19

With regard to women, the Communist Party under Lenin

Accepted Answer

The Communist Party under Lenin sought to free women from the burdens of their traditional domestic roles. Lenin believed that women's emancipation was a necessary part of achieving socialist revolution, and the Party worked to provide women with education, employment opportunities and legal equality. While progress was made in terms of legal rights and access to education and employment, traditional attitudes about women's roles in society remained deeply entrenched and it was many years before the ideal of gender equality was truly achieved in the Soviet Union.

Question 20

The text argues that, of the Fascist regime in Italy, the National Socialist regime in Germany, and the Communist regime in the Soviet Union, the totalitarian state was most completely established in

Accepted Answer

The totalitarian state was most completely established in Germany and the Soviet Union, where the regimes exercised extensive control over many aspects of life, including the economy, education, and the arts, as well as employing terror and propaganda to maintain power and control over the populace. Italy, under Mussolini, did have elements of totalitarianism but did not achieve the same level of total control as seen in Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union under Stalin.

Quiz 29: An Era of Totalitarianism

In the Bolshevik struggle against the Whites

Stalin's industrialization campaign included all the following EXCEPT

The politburo refers to

The Comintern was all the following EXCEPT

In the totalitarian state, the individual

Totalitarian systems sought to eradicate the democratic states that preceded them through all of the following mechanisms EXCEPT

The text asserts that totalitarianism differed significantly from earlier autocratic regimes in that its leaders

The Communists under Lenin created an effective Red Army by

Casualties on all sides of the Russian Civil War

Carl J. Friedrich and Zbigniew Brzezinski believed that totalitarian states

Events in Kronstadt in 1921 were associated with

Which of the following is the most accurate statement? In the years 1921-1928

The series of Five-Year Plans did NOT result in

Which of the following is NOT true of t he W ar C ommunism created during the Russian Civil War ?

In which ways was totalitarianism pseudoreligious?

How did Stalin come to succeed Lenin as leader of the Soviet Union?

Under the New Economic Policy, the Communists

What is meant by Zbigniew Brzezinski's term, metamyth ?

With regard to women, the Communist Party under Lenin

The text argues that, of the Fascist regime in Italy, the National Socialist regime in Germany, and the Communist regime in the Soviet Union, the totalitarian state was most completely established in

Quiz 29: An Era of Totalitarianism

In the Bolshevik struggle against the Whites

Stalin's industrialization campaign included all the following EXCEPT

The politburo refers to

The Comintern was all the following EXCEPT

In the totalitarian state, the individual​

Totalitarian systems sought to eradicate the democratic states that preceded them through all of the following mechanisms EXCEPT

The text asserts that totalitarianism differed significantly from earlier autocratic regimes in that its leaders

The Communists under Lenin created an effective Red Army by

Casualties on all sides of the Russian Civil War

Carl J. Friedrich and Zbigniew Brzezinski believed that totalitarian states​

Events in Kronstadt in 1921 were associated with

Which of the following is the most accurate statement? In the years 1921-1928

The series of Five-Year Plans did NOT​ result in

Which of the following is NOT true of t he W ar C ommunism created during the Russian Civil War ?

In which ways was totalitarianism pseudoreligious?

How did Stalin come to succeed Lenin as leader of the Soviet Union?

Under the New Economic Policy, the Communists

What is meant by Zbigniew Brzezinski's term, metamyth ?

With regard to women, the Communist Party under Lenin

The text argues that, of the Fascist regime in Italy, the National Socialist regime in Germany, and the Communist regime in the Soviet Union, the totalitarian state was most completely established in

In the totalitarian state, the individual

Carl J. Friedrich and Zbigniew Brzezinski believed that totalitarian states

The series of Five-Year Plans did NOT result in