Question 1

Increasing the distance between the individual and the source of radiation is an effective method to reduce exposure to radiation. Distance utilizes which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The inverse square law states that the intensity of radiation is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from the source. Therefore, increasing distance is an effective method to reduce radiation exposure. The 15% rule relates to adjusting technical factors to achieve proper exposure and image quality. The Law of Bergonie & Tribondeau refers to the radiosensitivity of cells and how it relates to various factors such as mitotic rate and differentiation. mAs and intensity formula are used to calculate exposure settings and do not specifically relate to distance as a method of reducing exposure.

Question 2

During radiography and fluoroscopic procedures at 1 meter from the patient, the beam intensity is reduced by a factor of 1,000, to approximately _____% of the original beam intensity.

Accepted Answer

The reduction by a factor of 1,000 means the intensity is 1/1000 of the original. To express this as a percentage, you multiply by 100, resulting in 0.1%.

Question 3

When wearing a lead apron, a personnel dosimeter must be worn

Accepted Answer

BWhen wearing a lead apron, a personnel dosimeter should be worn outside the lead apron at the collar level to measure the dose to the thyroid and head, which are not protected by the apron. Additionally, wearing a dosimeter inside the lead apron at the collar level can help measure the dose to the body's organs that are shielded by the apron, providing a more accurate assessment of the effective dose received by the worker.

Question 4

Those states that have agreements with the Nuclear Regulatory Commission to take responsibility to enforce radiation protection guidelines through the state's department of health are termed

Accepted Answer

States that have agreements with the Nuclear Regulatory Commission to take responsibility to enforce radiation protection guidelines through the state's department of health are called agreement states.

Question 5

Modern radiation protection guidelines are established on the philosophy of keeping exposures

Accepted Answer

The ALARA principle is the foundation of modern radiation protection guidelines. It means that radiation exposure should be kept as low as reasonably achievable, not just minimal or negligible but within reason. This principle ensures that exposure to radiation remains below the level that might cause harm to the public and workers. Therefore, the best answer is D (ALARA).

Question 6

The x-ray tube must be enclosed by a lead-lined metal covering, requiring _____ Pb.

Accepted Answer

The standard requirement for lead shielding in x-ray tube enclosures is typically 1/16 inch of lead to ensure adequate protection from radiation.

Question 7

The annual effective dose limit for the lens of the eye is _____ rem, and for all other organs is 50 rem.

Accepted Answer

The annual effective dose limit for the lens of the eye is 15 rem, as per ICRP recommendations. For all other organs, the limit is 50 rem. This is because the lens of the eye is more sensitive to radiation and has a greater risk of developing cataracts at lower doses compared to other organs. Therefore, it is important to limit the dose to the lens of the eye to protect against this risk.

Question 8

When wearing a lead apron, a pregnant radiographer is required to wear their fetal dosimeter

Accepted Answer

Fetal dosimeters are worn inside the lead apron at waist level to monitor the dose of radiation the fetus is exposed to, ensuring it is kept within safe limits.

Question 9

All facilities which receive accreditation by the _____ are required to monitor doses from diagnostic radiologic exams.

Accepted Answer

The Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO) requires facilities it accredits to monitor doses from diagnostic radiologic exams as part of its patient safety and quality improvement standards.

Question 10

Factors which determine protective barrier thickness include:
1. time of occupancy (T)
2. workload (W)
3. use (U)

Accepted Answer

The thickness of a protective barrier needs to consider the time of occupancy, workload, and use of the space. Therefore, all three factors (T, W, and U) should be taken into account when determining the thickness of the barrier.

Question 11

Radiation survey instruments, such as the _____, are used to detect and measure radiation.

Accepted Answer

Geiger-Muller counters and cutie pie meters are commonly used survey instruments for detecting and measuring radiation. TLDs and OSLs are dosimeters used to measure personal radiation exposure over a period of time whereas film badges are also dosimeters but are not commonly used in modern radiation monitoring since they are less sensitive and versatile compared to other instruments.

Question 12

Student radiographers under 18 years of age have an annual effective dose limit of _____ rem.

Accepted Answer

According to the NCRP (National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements) report, the annual effective dose limit for student radiographers under 18 years of age is 0.1 rem (1 millisievert). Therefore, option A is correct. Options B, C, and D are incorrect because those limits are applicable to different age groups or occupational categories.

Question 13

The general public has an annual effective dose limit of _____ rem.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The general public has an annual effective...

Question 14

So that regulatory agencies may dismiss a level of individual risk as negligible risk, an annual negligible individual dose (NID) of _____ mrem/yr has been set. Below this level, reduction of individual exposure is not required.

Accepted Answer

The annual negligible individual dose (NID) set by regulatory agencies is 1.0 mrem/yr. Below this level, the reduction of individual exposure is not considered necessary.

Question 15

Which of the following is a measure of the radiation to a patient's skin at the entrance surface?

Accepted Answer

Entrance skin exposure (ESE) is a measure of the radiation to a patient's skin at the entrance surface, where the x-ray beam enters the body. Bone marrow dose, gonadal dose, and scattered dose are all different measures of radiation dose to specific parts of the body.

Question 16

The cumulative whole-body effective dose limit is calculated by multiplying one's age in year times _____ rem.

Accepted Answer

The cumulative whole-body effective dose limit is calculated by multiplying one's age in year times 1 rem.

Question 17

The image intensifier component of a fluoroscopic unit acts as a primary protective barrier and should be at least _____ Pb equivalent.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The image intensifier component of a fluoroscopic...

Question 18

An area occupied by radiation personnel is defined as a(n)

Accepted Answer

A controlled area is defined as an area occupied by radiation personnel where radiation levels exceed the allowable limits for an uncontrolled area. The area is subject to specific radiation protection requirements, such as the use of personal protective equipment and radiation monitoring.

Question 19

The exposure cord for the control booth must be

Accepted Answer

The answer of The exposure cord for the control booth...

Question 20

The total filtration of fluoroscopic equipment must be at least _____ Al equivalent.

Accepted Answer

According to the NCRP 102 report, the total filtration of fluoroscopic equipment must be at least 2.5 mm Al equivalent.

Quiz 6: Protection of Personnel