From the focal firm's perspective, the supply chain includes:

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The supply chain from the focal firm's perspective includes internal functions, upstream suppliers, and downstream customers as all of these components are necessary for the efficient flow of goods and services from the point of origin to the point of consumption. Internal functions include the various departments and functions within the focal firm that contribute to the overall supply chain management process, while upstream suppliers are the entities that provide the raw materials or components necessary for the production of the final product. Downstream customers, on the other hand, are the individuals or entities that purchase and consume the final product. Together, these components make up the complete supply chain from the focal firm's perspective.

From the Focal Firm's Perspective, the Supply Chain Includes