Which of the following molecules has the carbon-oxygen bond with the highest bond dissociation energy?

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11ecba2d_11fe_ab74_a3bf_7d2871950742_MD0008_00 Covalent bonds between atoms are formed by sharing electrons, which is made possible through the overlap of the atomic orbitals from each atom. Covalent bonds made by the end-to-end overlap of atomic orbitals are called sigma (σ) bonds whereas covalent bonds made by the side-to-side overlap of p orbitals are called pi (π) bonds. Although some atoms participate only in single covalent bonding (by σ bond), other atoms are capable of participating in multiple bonds (a double or triple bond) by the addition of one or more π bonds. In this way, a double bond consists of one σ bond and one π bond, and a triple bond consists of one σ bond and two π bonds. The overall energy of a bond is the sum of the energies of all σ and π bonding contributors. When comparing single, double, and triple covalent bonds involving the same two types of atoms, the overall bond dissociation energy (the energy required to break the bond) tends to increase (relative to a single bond) with each additional π bond. This is due in part to increased electron density between the atoms that participate in multiple bonds. Out of the molecules given, only carbon monoxide has a C≡O triple bond (one σ bond and two π bonds); therefore, it has the highest bond dissociation energy of the carbon-oxygen bonds shown. (Choices A, B, & C) In general, a C-O single bond has a lower bond dissociation energy than a C=O double bond, and a C=O double bond has a lower bond dissociation energy than a C≡O triple bond. Educational objective: Covalent bonds are formed by sharing electrons between atoms through the overlap of atomic orbitals in an end-to-end or side-to-side configuration. Multiple bonds formed by s and p orbitals consist of one σ bond and one or more π bonds, and the overall bond dissociation energy of a bond tends to increase relative to a single bond with each additional π bond.

Which of the Following Molecules Has the Carbon-Oxygen Bond with the Highest