Question 1

Lily is interested in conducting an experiment to demonstrate that there are some situations in which men are more likely to conform than women.Which of the following strategies should Lily adopt in designing her study?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Lily is interested in conducting an experiment...

Question 2

Hiroko is usually very agreeable and goes along with his friends' plans.Tonight, however, he tells his friends that even though they all want to go out for Mexican food, he has a strong preference for Italian food.Even though he is the only person who initially votes for Italian, Hiroko's friends eventually come to agree with him because he usually does go along with the group.This best epitomizes which of the following phenomena associated with minority influence?

Accepted Answer

Hiroko's behavior in this situation exemplifies the concept of idiosyncrasy credits, which refers to the idea that individuals who typically conform to a group's norms are granted more leeway to deviate from those norms on occasion without facing negative consequences. In other words, because Hiroko usually goes along with his friends' plans, they are more likely to tolerate and even accept his preference for Italian food.

Question 3

The fact that the presence of an ally, regardless of her competence, reduces conformity indicates that

Accepted Answer

The finding that the presence of an ally reduces conformity indicates that individuals are more likely to resist the pressure to conform when they have even one ally. This highlights the importance of social support in resisting normative social influence. The other answer choices are not supported by the information given.

Question 4

All of the following could explain why a consistent behavioral style increases minority influence except

Accepted Answer

The statement "a consistent minority is more likely to exert normative social influence on the group" is false. Normative social influence relies on conformity to the majority in order to avoid rejection or gain acceptance, and therefore a minority group's behavioral style would not have much impact on normative influence. The other options provide valid reasons why a consistent behavioral style would increase minority influence.

Question 5

Mary has just heard five friends say that Massachusetts is the largest state in New England, when she knows it is Maine.Rob, the next friend in line, says that New Hampshire is the largest state in New England.In this situation, Mary is now less likely to conform with the first five friends than if Rob had said that

Accepted Answer

The answer of Mary has just heard five friends say...

Question 6

Research by Prentice and Miller (1996)found that college students are likely to have more positive attitudes toward drinking on campus and consume more alcohol if they

Accepted Answer

Prentice and Miller (1996) found that college students are more likely to have positive attitudes toward drinking on campus and consume more alcohol if they overestimate the favorability of their peers' attitudes toward drinking. This indicates that perceived social norms play a significant role in college students' drinking behavior.

Question 7

Women conform more and men conform less when they believe they are being observed.Eagly (1987)argues that this occurs because

Accepted Answer

The statement in the question aligns with research on gender and social conformity, which shows that people tend to feel greater pressure to behave in ways consistent with their gender roles in public settings. This pressure may be more strongly felt by women, which could explain why they conform more when being observed. Men, on the other hand, may feel less pressure to conform to gender norms and therefore may be less likely to change their behavior when being observed.

Question 8

According to Moscovici, majorities derive their power to influence others by virtue of their _____, whereas minorities derive their power to influence others from their _____.

Accepted Answer

Majorities influence through their sheer number, creating pressure to conform, while minorities influence through their consistent and confident style of behavior, which can lead to internalization of their views.

Question 9

Pat attends a pre-screening of a new romantic comedy with a group of four people and then participates in a focus group where the group is asked several questions about the film.The group is asked, "How funny is the film?" Each member of the group responds to the question.Pat responds last, after hearing the rest of the group say that the movie was very funny.Pat is more likely to agree with them if

Accepted Answer

The answer of Pat attends a pre-screening of a new...

Question 10

The residents in Burberry Hill have convened to discuss whether to build a neighborhood pool.The majority are in favor of building a pool.However, Miguel, a long-time resident, expresses his opposition.Which of the following is unlikely?

Accepted Answer

Miguel expressing a dissenting opinion in a group that initially favors building a pool is more likely to result in private conformity, where individuals may privately agree with Miguel's points even if the group's public consensus doesn't immediately reflect this. Public conformity might occur when individuals outwardly agree with the group despite personal disagreements, but in this context, Miguel's opposition could lead to genuine private agreement from some residents who reconsider their positions based on his arguments.

Question 11

Prentice and Miller (1996)found that most college students overestimate how comfortable their peers are with alcohol on campus.This misperception is an example of

Accepted Answer

The misperception of overestimating how comfortable peers are with alcohol on campus is an example of pluralistic ignorance, which occurs when individuals privately reject a norm but go along with it because they incorrectly assume others accept it.

Question 12

Which of the following concerning the relationship between gender and conformity is true?

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that women exhibit greater conformity in face-to-face interactions than men. However, it is not accurate to say that women exhibit greater conformity than men regardless of the situation, as the level of conformity can vary depending on the specific context and social norms at play.

Question 13

Cialdini et al.(1991)observed participants in a clean or cluttered parking garage and found that participants were most likely to litter when they observed a confederate

Accepted Answer

The study found that participants were most likely to litter when they observed a confederate litter in the cluttered garage. Therefore, the best choice is A.

Question 14

Often overlooked in Asch's conformity study is the fact that participants refused to conform _____ percent of the time.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Often overlooked in Asch's conformity study is...

Question 15

Reuben notices one group of eight people littering in the park.Rachel sees four different pairs of people littering in the park.Which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

Rachel's observation of multiple pairs of people littering provides stronger evidence of the social norm of littering, making her more likely to conform to the behavior than Reuben who only observed one group. This is an example of informational influence. Reuben may still be susceptible to normative influence, but Rachel's likelihood of conforming is greater in this scenario.

Question 16

With respect to the impact of group size on conformity, Asch found

Accepted Answer

Asch found that conformity increased as the number of confederates increased from one to three or four, but there were negligible increases in conformity after that point. Therefore, there is no evidence to support options A, B, or C.

Question 17

Social norms are most likely to lead to conformity when they are

Accepted Answer

Social norms are most likely to lead to conformity when they are salient, or prominent and easily noticeable. Behavioral norms may not always be clear or observable, complex norms may be too difficult to understand or follow, and subtle norms may not be perceived by individuals or may not be seen as important enough to conform to. Salient norms, on the other hand, are more likely to be noticed and influence behavior.

Question 18

Professor Hildebrand just gave back to his students their first exam.Many in the class are convinced that one of the questions he asked had more than one correct answer.In fact, 13 students from the class show up to his office hours to protest the question.Professor Hildebrand is convinced that there is only one correct answer, and so he tries to convince the larger group of students that he is right.He will be most likely to convince this group of his point of view if he

Accepted Answer

By presenting his arguments forcefully and consistently, Professor Hildebrand can make a more convincing case for his position on the question. This approach is more likely to sway the students who are protesting the question because they will perceive him as confident and knowledgeable about the subject matter. Additionally, consistent arguments emphasize the importance of his reasoning and demonstrate a well-thought-out answer.

Question 19

Interpersonal credits a person earns by following group norms are called _____ credits.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Interpersonal credits a person earns by following...

Question 20

The "minority slowness effect" refers to the finding that

Accepted Answer

The "minority slowness effect" specifically refers to the phenomenon where individuals with minority opinions tend to be slower in responding to questions about the topic compared to those with majority opinions.

Quiz 7: Conformity

Lily is interested in conducting an experiment to demonstrate that there are some situations in which men are more likely to conform than women.Which of the following strategies should Lily adopt in designing her study?

The fact that the presence of an ally, regardless of her competence, reduces conformity indicates that

All of the following could explain why a consistent behavioral style increases minority influence except

Research by Prentice and Miller (1996) found that college students are likely to have more positive attitudes toward drinking on campus and consume more alcohol if they

Women conform more and men conform less when they believe they are being observed.Eagly (1987) argues that this occurs because

According to Moscovici, majorities derive their power to influence others by virtue of their _, whereas minorities derive their power to influence others from their _.