Question 1

Individualistic cultures tend to exhibit all of the following except

Accepted Answer

Individualistic cultures prioritize personal autonomy, self-expression, and individual rights, which can lead to less conformity compared to collectivistic cultures. Therefore, greater conformity is not a typical characteristic of individualistic cultures. A, B, and C are all common features of individualistic cultures.

Question 2

According to work by Triandis (1995), collectivist cultures are characterized by a pattern of

Accepted Answer

Collectivist cultures are often associated with low complexity, low affluence, and cultural homogeneity, as they emphasize group cohesion and shared values over individualism.

Question 3

Jane bought her friends--Mayumi, Brenda, and Kate--drinks the last time they were out.The next time she needs to borrow money from one of them, who will feel the strongest need to reciprocate Jane's act of generosity?

Accepted Answer

The principle of reciprocity suggests that individuals feel compelled to return favors to those who have done something for them. Mayumi, being out with Jane the next night, is likely to feel the strongest immediate pressure to reciprocate Jane's previous act of generosity due to the proximity in time to the original act.

Question 4

At a campaign meeting, the majority of the staff argues that they should use negative ads to attack their opponent.Despite their strong feelings on this matter, Stefan argues successfully for positive ads.According to the dual-process approach, Stefan's influence has probably resulted in

Accepted Answer

According to the dual-process approach, persuasion can occur through two routes - the central route (which involves thoughtful consideration and scrutiny of the message) and the peripheral route (which involves cues such as the popularity of the source of the message or the emotional appeals in the message). In this scenario, Stefan was able to successfully persuade the staff members to adopt positive ads, which suggests that he was able to influence them through the central route by presenting thoughtful and convincing arguments. This type of persuasion is more likely to result in conversion, which entails the adoption of the persuader's viewpoint, rather than public conformity or collusion (which involve going along with the group without necessarily changing one's beliefs). Defiance, on the other hand, involves actively resisting or rejecting the persuasive attempts of others, which is not applicable in this scenario.

Question 5

The unspoken rule dictating that we should treat others as they have treated us is called the

Accepted Answer

The norm of reciprocity is the unspoken rule that when someone does something for us, we feel obligated to return the favor. This principle is based on the idea that people's behavior is influenced by the belief that they should treat others as they have been treated. Therefore, the best choice is B, norm of reciprocity.

Question 6

Research has found that when people are presented with a request accompanied by a reason that does not offer a real justification for the request, they often respond

Accepted Answer

This phenomenon is known as the "but why?" technique, where people are more likely to comply with a request when a reason is provided, regardless of the actual validity of the reason. This is because the reason creates a sense of obligation and social pressure to comply, leading to mindless compliance without deeper analysis or questioning.

Question 7

According to the dual-process approach, majorities exert influence by producing _____, whereas minorities exert influence by producing _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the dual-process approach, majorities exert...

Question 8

The idea that minority influence works in the same way that majority influence does is most consistent with

Accepted Answer

The single-process approach suggests that both minority and majority influence operate through the same underlying mechanisms, unlike the dual-process approach which posits different processes for each.

Question 9

According to Hollander's (1958)work on idiosyncrasy credits, which of the following people would be most effective in convincing a majority to change their opinion?

Accepted Answer

According to Hollander's work on idiosyncrasy credits, a person who has been in the group for a long time and usually goes along with the majority of the group would have built up a reserve of idiosyncrasy credits. This means that when the person expresses a dissenting opinion, they are more likely to be listened to and their opinion considered seriously by the group. This person is also less likely to be seen as a threat to the group's cohesion than someone who consistently disagrees with the group. Therefore, option D would be the most effective in convincing a majority to change their opinion.

Question 10

Individuals from Eastern cultures are more likely than those from Western cultures to

Accepted Answer

Individuals from Eastern cultures often place a high value on conformity and maintaining social harmony, leading them to be more likely to conform to public norms. In contrast, those from Western cultures often prioritize individualism and independence. Therefore, option B is the most accurate choice.

Question 11

In order to convince people to buy lunch from their restaurant in the food court, employees at the Chinese restaurant gave out free samples of chicken teriyaki to everyone who walks by.The restaurant employees are hoping to take advantage of the

Accepted Answer

The employees of the Chinese restaurant are relying on the norm of reciprocity to convince people to buy lunch from their restaurant. According to this norm, people are more likely to comply with a request or purchase something if they feel that they owe something in return. By giving out free samples of chicken teriyaki, the restaurant employees are creating a sense of obligation or indebtedness in people who receive the samples, making them more likely to consider buying lunch from the restaurant.

Question 12

A cultural orientation in which independence, autonomy, and self-reliance take priority over group allegiances is called

Accepted Answer

Individualism refers to a focus on individual goals and achievements rather than group harmony and interdependence. It is opposite to collectivism, which emphasizes group harmony and loyalty over individual goals. Power distance and uncertainty avoidance are different dimensions of cultural orientation. Power distance refers to the acceptance of unequal distribution of power in a society, while uncertainty avoidance refers to the degree to which a culture is comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty.

Question 13

As compared to conformity, compliance occurs

Accepted Answer

Compliance refers to conforming to the explicit request of someone else. It is a response to a direct request.

Question 14

Mara needs to borrow James's pen and is pondering how to ask him.She considers three options-asking for the pen outright without any reasoning, telling him that she needs the pen "to write something," or telling him that she needs it "to sign a letter." Which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

Providing a specific reason, even if it's not particularly compelling, generally increases compliance compared to not providing a reason at all. Therefore, James is equally likely to comply with both the "letter" and "write something" pleas, as both provide a reason.

Question 15

Psychologists tend to refer to a culture that values the virtues of interdependence and social harmony as

Accepted Answer

Psychologists refer to a culture that values interdependence and social harmony as collectivist. Collectivist cultures emphasize the importance of belonging to a group and working towards common goals, rather than focusing solely on individual success and achievement. This is in contrast to individualist cultures, which prioritize individual autonomy and independence.

Question 16

According to work by Nemeth (1986), minority viewpoints

Accepted Answer

Nemeth's work suggests that minority viewpoints are valuable because they can challenge the majority's thinking and improve the quality of group decision making. She argues that this is because minority viewpoints increase the cognitive complexity of the group's discussions, potentially leading to a more thorough exploration of the issue at hand. Additionally, Nemeth believes that minority viewpoints can help prevent "groupthink" and encourage divergent thinking.

Question 17

Research on majority and minority influence suggests all of the following except

Accepted Answer

The answer of Research on majority and minority influence suggests...

Question 18

Some researchers are planning to go around the world and put participants in a version of the Asch study in which they are asked to make judgments about the lengths of lines.Cross-cultural research suggests that the least amount of conformity should be observed in cultures

Accepted Answer

Cultures characterized by financial independence and prosperity often promote individualism, which tends to result in lower conformity rates. This is because individuals in such societies are more likely to feel free to express their own opinions, even when they diverge from the group consensus.

Question 19

According to the dual-process approach to understanding minority influence,

Accepted Answer

The dual-process approach proposes that majority and minority influence differ in terms of the psychological processes involved. Majority influence is typically based on normative influence, where people conform to the group to fit in or avoid disapproval. In contrast, minority influence is typically based on informational influence, where people are persuaded by the minority's arguments and ideas. Therefore, group majorities and minorities exert their influence in very different ways.

Question 20

If American and Chinese children were placed in the same classroom, which of the following would probably be true?

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that Chinese children tend to have a collectivist culture that values conformity and group harmony, while American children tend to have a more individualistic culture that values independence and self-expression. Therefore, it is likely that the Chinese children would demonstrate more conformity than the American children in a classroom setting.

Quiz 7: Conformity