Question 1

What theory or model includes identifying high risk situations and developing plans to cope with such situations?

Accepted Answer

The Relapse Prevention Model includes identifying high risk situations and developing plans to cope with such situations. It encourages restructuring thoughts to distinguish between lapses and relapses and to be flexible in approaching fitness goals.

Question 2

What type of assessment is used by the fitness professional to establish a measurement of psychological and behavioral baseline?

Accepted Answer

A psychosocial assessment is used by the fitness professional to establish a measurement of psychological and behavioral baseline. It enables the professional to understand areas that may need extra focus, types of intervention that may be useful, and other such things to help tailor the program to the individual client's needs.

Question 3

What are the five As of counseling a client who has experienced a lapse in exercise motivation in order to prevent it from getting worse and becoming a relapse or total collapse?

Accepted Answer

The five As of counseling a client who has experienced a lapse in exercise motivation in order to prevent it from getting worse are address agenda, assess, advise, assist, and arrange follow-up. These can help the fitness professional effectively understand the client's lapse and get that client back on track with the prescribed fitness program.

Question 4

In what stage of motivational readiness is the client who participates in the CDC/ASCM recommended level of exercise for less than 6 months?

Accepted Answer

The client who participates in the CDC/ASCM recommended level of exercise for less than 6 months is in the action phase of motivational readiness.

Question 5

Which of the following is not a cognitive or experiential variable of exercise?

Accepted Answer

Social support is not a cognitive or experiential variable of exercise; rather, it is an environmental factor that may affect the adoption or continuation of an exercise program.

Question 6

What is a set of assumptions accounting for the relationships between certain variables and a particular behavior of interest?

Accepted Answer

Psychological theory is a set of assumptions accounting for the relationships between certain variables and a particular behavior of interest. They can be used to provide a foundation for motivational skill-building in relation to exercise participation.

Question 7

How behaviors and choices relate to health by considering costs and benefits is known as what model?

Accepted Answer

The Transtheoretical Model of Health Behavior Change considers costs and benefits of behaviors and choices with regard to health. This model combines strategies of several other theories to explain the path toward making decisions to change health habits.

Question 8

Which process of behavioral change includes caring about consequences to oneself and to others?

Accepted Answer

Environmental reevaluation is the behavioral change that includes caring about consequences to oneself and to others. This is one of the five cognitive processes of the Transtheoretical Model of Health Behavior Change.

Question 9

What is a positive or negative consequence for performing or not performing a behavior?

Accepted Answer

Reinforcement is a positive or negative consequence for performing or not performing a behavior. This can be a simple comment acknowledging good performance or a more complex reward such as earning a motivational prize for good or consistent performance.

Question 10

What is one way for the fitness professional to help move a client through the contemplation phase into taking action toward an exercise program?

Accepted Answer

One way for the fitness professional to help move a client through the contemplation phase into taking action toward an exercise program is to discuss the benefits of exercise and how to overcome barriers to exercise in their life. This will help improve their confidence.

Question 11

What is one way to encourage a participant to find time and enjoyment from exercise by eliminating barriers to maintaining an exercise program?

Accepted Answer

One way to encourage a participant to find time and enjoyment from exercise by eliminating barriers to maintaining an exercise program is to teach problem solving techniques that remove the perceived barriers.

Question 12

Which of the following is not a survey used to assess or measure levels of depression, hostility, or anxiety?

Accepted Answer

The Ferrans and Powers quality of life index is not a survey used to assess or measure levels of depression, hostility, or anxiety; rather, it is a pulmonary-specific quality of life survey.

Question 13

Skeletal muscle accounts for what percentage of body mass?

Accepted Answer

Skeletal muscle accounts for 50% of body mass and enables movement through the motion and manipulation of the bones (levers) of the body.

Question 14

Having a BMI of what number indicates that a client is overweight?

Accepted Answer

Having a BMI of 25 indicates that a client is overweight. A BMI over 30 indicates obesity.

Question 15

What is one of the strongest predictors for the adoption of a regular program of exercise?

Accepted Answer

Self-efficacy is one of the strongest predictors for the adoption of a regular program of exercise. This is the confidence in the ability to perform an action or skill and is vital in the continuation of an exercise program.

Question 16

In what stage of motivational readiness is a person who engages in enough physical activity to meet or exceed the CDC guidelines for exercise and has been doing so for at least 6 months?

Accepted Answer

A person who engages in enough physical activity to meet or exceed the CDC guidelines for exercise and has been doing so for at least 6 months is in the maintenance stage of motivational readiness.

Question 17

Which of the following does not accurately describe part of the Health Belief Model?

Accepted Answer

Taking action depends on the ease of overcoming barriers regardless of the perceived rewards or benefits does not accurately describe part of the Health Belief Model. In fact, the taking action depends on whether the benefits outweigh the barriers.

Question 18

During what stage of motivational readiness is a good time to schedule a check-in appointment with a client in order to help them stay motivated?

Accepted Answer

A good time to schedule a check-in appointment with a client in order to help them stay motivated is during the maintenance stage. This allows the fitness professional to provide continued feedback to the client.

Question 19

Participants in exercise programs who are in the earlier stages are more likely to benefit from what type of strategies?

Accepted Answer

Participants in exercise programs who are in the earlier stages are more likely to benefit from cognitive strategies. This can be reading or watching a demo, but not having the expectation to participate.

Question 20

Which of the following is not an objective indicator of obesity?

Accepted Answer

Having a BMI over 20 is not an objective indicator of obesity; rather, a BMI over 30 is such an indicator. All the other answers are considered objective indicators of obesity.

Exam 3: Exercise Leadership and Client Education