Question 1

What describes the movement type called adduction?
A)Movement away from the midline of the body and in a transverse plane
B)Movement that decreases the joint angle with no movement in the plane
C)Movement towards the midline of the body in the frontal plane
D)Movement along the longitudinal plane

Accepted Answer

Movement towards the midline of the body in the frontal plane describes adduction. Additionally, this movement occurs around the anteroposterior axis.

Question 2

What describes the systemic approach to learning anatomy?
A)Anatomy learned via the gross anatomy approach
B)Anatomy learned through organized divisions of the body
C)Anatomy learned according to organ systems
D)Anatomy learned topographically

Accepted Answer

Anatomy learned according to organ systems describes the systemic approach to learning anatomy. Organs of the body are grouped together based on cooperative functions, and they are easily and logically taught by studying them together within these systems.

Question 3

Which of the following organ systems are studied biomechanically as a health and fitness professional?
A)Skeletal, muscular, cardiovascular, and respiratory
B)Skeletal, muscular, endocrine, and respiratory
C)Muscular, endocrine, cardiovascular, and respiratory
D)Muscular, reproductive, respiratory, and skeletal

Accepted Answer

Health and fitness professionals focus their study of biomechanics on the skeletal, muscular, cardiovascular, and respiratory systems. While all systems have specific individual importance, these four systems combine to help the fitness professional understand the physiology of exercise.

Question 4

What is the name for a grouping of disease symptoms including unstable angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, and sudden cardiac death?
A)Acute coronary syndrome
B)Cardiovascular disease
C)Atherothrombotic diseases
D)Restrictive lung disease

Accepted Answer

Acute coronary syndrome is the name for a grouping of disease symptoms including unstable angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, and sudden cardiac death. These symptoms require immediate medical care.

Question 5

To which plane does the mediolateral axis lie perpendicular?
A)Sagittal
B)Transverse
C)Longitudinal
D)Frontal

Accepted Answer

The mediolateral axis lies perpendicular to the sagittal plane.

Question 6

What are the three cardinal planes of the body?
A)Mediolateral, anteroposterior, longitudinal
B)Mediolateral, longitudinal, superior
C)Longitudinal, sagittal, frontal
D)Sagittal, frontal, transverse

Accepted Answer

Sagittal, frontal, and transverse are the three cardinal planes of the body. They divide the body into right/left, anterior/posterior, or superior/inferior segments, respectively.

Question 7

Movement away from the body's midline in the frontal plane, around an anteroposterior axis, is what type of movement?
A)Pronation
B)Extension
C)Adduction
D)Abduction

Accepted Answer

Abduction is a movement that brings the limb in motion away from the body's midline in the frontal plane, around an anteroposterior axis.

Question 8

In what plane and axis does the movement of extension occur?
A)Sagittal plane, longitudinal axis
B)Frontal plane, mediolateral axis
C)Sagittal plane, mediolateral axis
D)Transverse plane, anteroposterior axis

Accepted Answer

Extension occurs in the sagittal plane around the mediolateral axis. This movement is the opposite of flexion and increases the joint angle.

Question 9

What type of movement is a combination of flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction?
A)Circumduction
B)Dorsiflexion
C)Supination
D)Rotation

Accepted Answer

Circumduction is a combination of flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction. The shape described by this type of motion is a cone. This commonly occurs at the distal end of a limb, such as the arm circling around making a cone shape from the shoulder to the fingers.

Question 10

Where does the movement of flexion occur?
A)In the sagittal plane, around the anteroposterior axis
B)In the transverse plane, around the mediolateral axis
C)In the sagittal plane, around the mediolateral axis
D)In the frontal plane, around the longitudinal axis

Accepted Answer

Flexion occurs in the sagittal plane, around the mediolateral axis.

Question 11

What is another term for the body orientation known as inferior?
A)Dorsal
B)Lateral
C)Cranial
D)Caudal

Accepted Answer

Caudal is another term for the body orientation known as inferior. This orientation is below that point of reference, toward the feet, or lower than the anatomical location to which it is compared.

Question 12

Which plane is known to divide the body into superior/inferior segments?
A)Sagittal
B)Transverse
C)Frontal
D)Longitudinal

Accepted Answer

The transverse plane divides the body into superior/inferior segments. The longitudinal axis lies perpendicular to this plane and together, they allow for accurate description of movements that are performed within this anatomical division.

Question 13

What is an objective indication of a disease that is observed, discovered, or measured by a physician during examination?
A)Sign
B)Symptom
C)Complaint
D)Diagnostic

Accepted Answer

A sign is an objective indication of a disease that is observed, discovered, or measured by a physician during examination, such as swelling of a joint. These are often confused with symptoms, which are subjective and experienced by the patient (pain).

Question 14

When discussing the segments of the body and their associated planes, where does the axis lie within that plane?
A)Parallel to the plane
B)Perpendicular to the plane
C)Diagonally through the plane
D)There is no reference between the plane and its axis

Accepted Answer

When discussing the segments of the body and their associated planes, each plane has an axis lying perpendicular to it. These segments allow for accurate description of movements of the joints during muscle actions.

Question 15

What is a more commonly used term for cranial orientation?
A)Caudal
B)Anterior
C)Superior
D)Cephalic

Accepted Answer

A more commonly used term for cranial orientation is superior. This refers to anatomy that is more near to the head or above the point of reference.

Question 16

What does an implied consent form not provide?
A)Evidence that client was informed of purposes, procedures, and risks of exercise testing
B)Coverage for improper test administration due to accidental omissions
C)Written documentation of providing necessary information to the client prior to the testing
D)Information to the client so that they can make an informed decisions about participating in the exercise testing

Accepted Answer

An implied consent form does not provide coverage for improper test administration due to accidental omissions. It does provide written documentation (evidence) that the client was informed about the test procedures and allows them to make a decision about participating in the testing.

Question 17

What movement is the opposite of adduction?
A)Conduction
B)Abduction
C)Pronation
D)Supination

Accepted Answer

Abduction is the opposite movement of adduction. Abduction takes the limb away from the body's midline rather than towards it.

Question 18

Which of the following is not an important part of assessing a client's physical suitability for exercise testing and training?
A)Reviewing medical history
B)Assessing cardiac risk
C)Discussing fitness goals
D)Evaluating physical exam findings

Accepted Answer

While important to the overall success of a fitness program, discussing the client's fitness goals is not an important part of the physical suitability assessment for exercise testing and training.

Question 19

Flexion is a type of movement that performs what action?
A)Moves the part away from the midline of the body
B)Moves the part towards the midline of the body
C)Increases the angle of the joint
D)Decreases the angle of the joint

Accepted Answer

Flexion is a type of movement that decreases the angle of the joint. An example of this is when the elbow causes the arm to go from straight (180° joint angle) to bent (anything less than 180° joint angle).

Question 20

Which type of motion increases the angle of the moving joint?
A)Extension
B)Flexion
C)Adduction
D)Dorsiflexion

Accepted Answer

Extension increases the angle of the joint in motion. An example of this type of motion would be straightening the leg at the knee, thus increasing the joint angle to 180°.

Exam 5: Initial Client Consultation and Assessment

What describes the movement type called adduction?

What describes the systemic approach to learning anatomy?

Which of the following organ systems are studied biomechanically as a health and fitness professional?

What is the name for a grouping of disease symptoms including unstable angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, and sudden cardiac death?

To which plane does the mediolateral axis lie perpendicular?

What are the three cardinal planes of the body?

Movement away from the body's midline in the frontal plane, around an anteroposterior axis, is what type of movement?

In what plane and axis does the movement of extension occur?

What type of movement is a combination of flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction?

Where does the movement of flexion occur?

What is another term for the body orientation known as inferior?

Which plane is known to divide the body into superior/inferior segments?

What is an objective indication of a disease that is observed, discovered, or measured by a physician during examination?

When discussing the segments of the body and their associated planes, where does the axis lie within that plane?

What is a more commonly used term for cranial orientation?

What does an implied consent form not provide?

What movement is the opposite of adduction?

Which of the following is not an important part of assessing a client's physical suitability for exercise testing and training?

Flexion is a type of movement that performs what action?

Which type of motion increases the angle of the moving joint?