Question 1

Oxygen-containing ions are used by some bacteria as final electron acceptors.

Accepted Answer

Some bacteria are capable of using oxygen-containing ions such as nitrate, nitrite, or sulfate as final electron acceptors during cellular respiration. This process is known as anaerobic respiration.

Question 2

In a bacterial cell,the genes that code for enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of an unusual carbohydrate source would be turned off unless that carbohydrate was the only fuel source available in the media,in which case ________.

Accepted Answer

This is an example of inducible gene expression. The genes that code for enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of an unusual carbohydrate source are not normally expressed unless that carbohydrate is present in the media. In the presence of the carbohydrate, the genes would be induced, leading to the production of the hydrolytic enzymes. Therefore, choice A is the correct answer.

Question 3

Catabolic reactions are coupled with ATP ________,whereas anabolic reactions are coupled with ATP ________.

Accepted Answer

Catabolic reactions are coupled with ATP synthesis, whereas anabolic reactions are coupled with ATP hydrolysis.

Question 4

Denaturing an apoenzyme will destroy the three-dimensional shape of the protein,making it nonfunctional.

Accepted Answer

Denaturation of an apoenzyme will destroy its three-dimensional shape, and as a result, it will lose its functional ability.

Question 5

Deamination is the removal of a(n)________ group in proteins.

Accepted Answer

Deamination is the removal of an amino group (-NH2) from a protein or amino acid.

Question 6

The reactions of fermentation function to produce ________ molecules for use in glycolysis.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The reactions of fermentation function to produce...

Question 7

Fatty acids can be converted to acetyl-CoA for entering the Krebs cycle by the process of ________.

Accepted Answer

Fatty acids undergo beta oxidation, which is a process that breaks down the fatty acid molecule into acetyl-CoA units, which can then enter the Krebs cycle for energy production. Amination, deamination, phosphorylation, and gluconeogenesis do not involve the conversion of fatty acids to acetyl-CoA.

Question 8

A metabolic pathway begins as a series of linear reactions then,at a specific point in the pathway,two reactants are produced,each of which proceed in a linear,yet different chain of reactions.  This is an example of a ________.

Accepted Answer

A divergent pathway is a metabolic pathway in which a series of linear reactions leads to the production of two or more different products, each of which proceeds in a different linear chain of reactions. This is the situation described in the question. A convergent pathway is the opposite, where two or more different linear pathways converge to produce a single product. A cyclic pathway involves a series of reactions that regenerate the starting material, while a linear pathway is a straightforward sequence of reactions without any branching.

Question 9

When glucose is broken down by glycolysis during bacterial fermentation,how many ATP are generated?

Accepted Answer

During bacterial fermentation, the breakdown of glucose by glycolysis generates a net of 2 ATP. This occurs in the absence of oxygen, so no additional ATP is produced through oxidative phosphorylation.

Question 10

In a bacterial cell,synthesis of an essential amino acid would take place continually unless the amino acid was abundant in the growth media,in which case ________.

Accepted Answer

If the amino acid is abundant in the growth media, it would act as a repressor and turn off the genes that code for the enzymes that catalyze the synthesis of the amino acid. This is known as repression of the biosynthesis pathway. Therefore, synthesis of the essential amino acid would stop.

Question 11

ATP synthase is a complex enzyme needed for oxidative phosphorylation.

Accepted Answer

ATP synthase is an enzyme complex that plays a vital role in oxidative phosphorylation, the process by which energy is derived from the breakdown of glucose in aerobic respiration.

Question 12

The property of organisms to integrate catabolic and anabolic pathways to improve cell efficiency is called ________.

Accepted Answer

Amphibolism is the property of organisms to integrate catabolic and anabolic pathways to improve cell efficiency. Metabolism is a general term that includes both catabolism and anabolism, while anabolism and biosynthesis refer specifically to the synthesis of molecules. Catabolism refers to the breakdown of molecules.

Question 13

ATP is composed of deoxyribose,adenine,and three phosphate groups.

Accepted Answer

ATP is composed of ribose (not deoxyribose), adenine, and three phosphate groups.

Question 14

ATP molecules are catalysts that lower the activation energy needed to initiate a reaction.

Accepted Answer

ATP molecules are not catalysts. They are a source of energy for cellular processes, and they provide the energy needed for reactions to occur by being broken down to release energy. Enzymes are catalysts that lower the activation energy needed to initiate a reaction.

Question 15

Fermentation ________.

Accepted Answer

Fermentation requires an organic electron acceptor to regenerate NAD+ from NADH, allowing glycolysis to continue in the absence of oxygen. It does not require oxygen, can occur in anaerobic organisms, produces less ATP than aerobic respiration, and is distinct from anaerobic respiration, which uses an inorganic electron acceptor.

Question 16

Building block molecules for biosynthetic pathways come from the cell's catabolic pathways and from the environment.

Accepted Answer

Building block molecules can be obtained from the breakdown of larger molecules through catabolic pathways, as well as from the environment through the uptake of nutrients. These building blocks are then used in biosynthetic pathways to synthesize more complex molecules.

Question 17

All aerobic bacterial species have identical electron acceptors in their electron transport systems.

Accepted Answer

While all aerobic bacterial species use oxygen as their final electron acceptor in the electron transport system, there can be variations in the types and arrangements of other electron carriers in the system.

Question 18

Microbes can utilize only carbohydrates for energy production.

Accepted Answer

Microbes can utilize various organic molecules including proteins, lipids, and even some inorganic compounds for energy production.

Question 19

The principal sites of amphibolic interaction occur during ________.

Accepted Answer

The principal sites of amphibolic interaction occur during glycolysis and the Krebs cycle, which are both involved in both catabolic and anabolic pathways. This allows for the production of energy while also providing precursors for biosynthesis.

Question 20

The fermentation process always produces alcohol as at least one of its products.

Accepted Answer

Fermentation is a metabolic process that can produce a variety of end products, depending on the specific microorganism involved and the conditions of the process. While alcohol is commonly produced during fermentation of sugars by yeast, other possible end products include lactic acid, acetic acid, and carbon dioxide.

Quiz 7: Microbial Metabolism