A Primigravid Lady in Her 22nd Week of Pregnancy Visits

A primigravid lady in her 22nd week of pregnancy visits the clinic with her spouse to address a cleft lip and palate seen on prenatal ultrasound. The father seeks a fetal paternity test since no one on his father's side of the family has ever had a cleft lip or palate. You explain to the family during your conversation that children with cleft lip and palate generally have no family history of the issue since it is most usually caused by which of the following?

A) Autosomal recessive inheritance
B) Embryologic disruption
C) Mitochondrial mutations
D) Polygenetic and environmental interactions
E) Skewed X-inactivation