Question 1

The Self-Determination Theory assumes that humans are innately oriented to growth and health, and that promotion of a person's competence, autonomy, relatedness, and other supportive traits enables this "natural" tendency to shape behavior. From which branch of psychology does this idea derive?
A) Behaviorist psychology
B) Cognitive psychology
C) Ecological psychology
D) Humanistic psychology

Accepted Answer

Self-Determination Theory is rooted in Humanistic psychology, which emphasizes personal growth and the fulfillment of human potential.

Question 2

Which of the following, as a key element in how people change behavior, moves beyond the mechanistic conditioning process of behaviorism and gives individuals a role in their own processes of change?
A) Self-efficacy
B) Value expectancy
C) Vicarious learning
D) Reciprocal determinism

Accepted Answer

Self-efficacy is a key element in how people change behavior because it moves beyond the mechanistic conditioning process of behaviorism and gives individuals a role in their own processes of change. Self-efficacy is the belief that one can successfully perform a behavior, and it is a key factor in determining whether or not an individual will attempt a behavior.

Question 3

__________ possesses similarities to the stages of change models because it posits a process of dissemination, which cannot help but include a chronological element.
A) Social Cognitive Theory
B) Social Network Theory
C) Diffusion of Innovations
D) Social Marketing

Accepted Answer

Diffusion of Innovations involves a process of dissemination that includes stages such as knowledge, persuasion, decision, implementation, and confirmation, which align with the chronological element of stages of change models.

Question 4

Tracking the effect of which of the following may be difficult because, if a behavior change is the goal, tracking exposure to the campaign for those exposed and assessing the degree to which behaviors, or at least attitudes, have changed as a result of exposure is not always easy?
A) Social Cognitive Theory
B) Social Network Theory
C) Diffusion of Innovations
D) Social Marketing

Accepted Answer

Social Marketing aims to change behaviors or attitudes, and tracking exposure to campaigns and measuring the resultant change in behavior or attitudes can be challenging.

Question 5

Which of the following, a term common in marketing parlance, refers to the separation of a target population into meaningful subgroups so that messages and campaigns can be appropriately channeled?
A) Tailoring
B) Targeting
C) Social marketing
D) Market segmentation

Accepted Answer

Market segmentation refers to the process of dividing a broad consumer or business market into sub-groups of consumers based on some shared characteristics, allowing for more targeted marketing strategies.

Question 6

If the receiver of a message is known to have a different communicative or cultural background from the sender, the sender will need to encode the message in a way that the receiver will interpret it as intended. This process is referred to as which of the following?
A) Message shaping
B) Message design
C) Message tailoring
D) Message formulating

Accepted Answer

The answer of If the receiver of a message is...

Question 7

Which of the following refers to an ongoing collective framework, developed over time by human societies and groups, for integrating meaning with events, actions, ways of life, and their corresponding social structures?
A) Values
B) Culture
C) Attitudes
D) Beliefs

Accepted Answer

Culture refers to the collective framework developed by societies to integrate meaning with events, actions, ways of life, and social structures.

Question 8

As a category of health promotion, which of the following draws from the historical experience of a wide range of social and political movements including the labor movement, the anti-abortion movement, and HIV/AIDS activism?
A) Community mobilization
B) Organizational development
C) Dissemination science
D) Communications theory

Accepted Answer

Community mobilization involves collective action and draws from the historical experience of various social and political movements to address health issues and promote change.

Question 9

Which of the following, an important result of community action, allows a community to gain experience and a sense of efficacy about resolving local problems?
A) Advancement
B) Empowerment
C) Independence
D) Achievement

Accepted Answer

Empowerment is the process through which individuals or communities gain confidence, skills, and power to make decisions and implement change, thus gaining experience and a sense of efficacy in resolving local problems.

Question 10

The communications definition, "who says what in which channel to who and with what effects," introduces us to the basic layout of a communication process described by a Bell Laboratories mathematician named Claude Shannon, known as the:
A) Shannon Communication Model.
B) Shannon-Weaver Model.
C) Bell-Shannon Communication Model.
D) Channel of Communications Model.

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is the Shannon-Weaver Model, which was developed by Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver to describe the process of communication.

Question 11

In a society with a pronounced gender hierarchy, which system under Ecological Systems Theory could affect the ability of women to work or to act in a policymaking capacity regarding decisions about what services should be offered in communities?
A) Mesosystem
B) Exosystem
C) Macrosystem
D) Chronosystem

Accepted Answer

The macrosystem encompasses the broader cultural values, laws, and customs that can influence individual behavior and opportunities, including gender roles and hierarchies that affect women's ability to work or participate in policymaking.

Question 12

In the early 1990s and beyond, Bronfebrenner began to amend his original Ecological Systems Theory to account for the interaction of multiple systems with which type of individual processes?
A) Chronological processes
B) Biological processes
C) Environmental processes
D) Chemical processes

Accepted Answer

Bronfenbrenner amended his theory to include biological processes, emphasizing the interaction between an individual's biology and their environment, known as the bioecological model.

Question 13

The general idea that proximal causes predict most behavior and distal/ultimate causes explain it is a component of which of the following?
A) The CDC/WHO Model
B) Flay's Theory of Triadic Influence
C) The Integrated Behavior Model
D) The Adolescent Well-Being Framework

Accepted Answer

Flay's Theory of Triadic Influence posits that behavior is influenced by proximal causes, which are immediate and direct, and distal/ultimate causes, which are more indirect and explain the underlying reasons for behavior.

Question 14

Which model integrates constructs from other behavioral theories, so we still see the familiar chain of factors leading to intention-attitudes toward the behavior, perceived subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control (now referred to as personal agency)?
A) The CDC/WHO Model
B) Flay's Theory of Triadic Influence
C) The Integrated Behavior Model
D) The Adolescent Well-Being Framework

Accepted Answer

The Integrated Behavior Model combines elements from various behavioral theories, focusing on intention, attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control, which is now referred to as personal agency.

Question 15

In the global health arena, multilevel models have been a natural outflow from the widely accepted social determinants approach and from an emerging interest in which concept?
A) Well-being
B) Self-efficacy
C) Value expectancy
D) Vicarious learning

Accepted Answer

Multilevel models in global health have emerged from an interest in well-being, which considers the broader social determinants of health and how they interact at different levels.

Question 16

During the 17^th century Enlightenment period, who advanced the idea of the tabula rasa, or "blank slate"-the idea that human beings come into the world with nothing and that our knowledge, our behavioral normal, and our social patterns are all learned? A) Plato B) John Locke C) Francis Galton D) Charles Darwin

Accepted Answer

John Locke advanced the idea of the tabula rasa during the Enlightenment period, proposing that humans are born without innate ideas and that knowledge comes from experience and perception.

Question 17

Which of the following refers to the process of creating a protein from the copied gene?
A) Transition
B) Translation
C) Transcription
D) Replication

Accepted Answer

Translation is the process of creating a protein from the copied gene.

Question 18

Which of the following refers to the process of copying a gene?
A) Transition
B) Translation
C) Transcription
D) Replication

Accepted Answer

Transcription is the process of copying a gene's DNA sequence into RNA.

Question 19

From an ecological perspective, which of the following provides you with an overview of the interplay between health and other factors, as well and potential social or quality-of-life outcomes for your program?
A) Social assessment
B) Epidemiological assessment
C) Behavioral and environmental assessment
D) Educational and ecological assessment

Accepted Answer

Social assessment provides an overview of the interplay between health and other factors, including potential social or quality-of-life outcomes, by examining the social context and needs of a community.

Question 20

For which of the following PRECEDE-PROCEED assessment phases are you most likely to need to perform data collection yourself?
A) Social assessment
B) Epidemiological assessment
C) Behavioral and environmental assessment
D) Educational and ecological assessment

Accepted Answer

The answer of For which of the following PRECEDE-PROCEED assessment...

Quiz 18: Behavioral Factors: Access to Clean Water, Health Risks, and Infectious Diseases

The Self-Determination Theory assumes that humans are innately oriented to growth and health, and that promotion of a person's competence, autonomy, relatedness, and other supportive traits enables this "natural" tendency to shape behavior. From which branch of psychology does this idea derive?

Which of the following, as a key element in how people change behavior, moves beyond the mechanistic conditioning process of behaviorism and gives individuals a role in their own processes of change?

__________ possesses similarities to the stages of change models because it posits a process of dissemination, which cannot help but include a chronological element.

Tracking the effect of which of the following may be difficult because, if a behavior change is the goal, tracking exposure to the campaign for those exposed and assessing the degree to which behaviors, or at least attitudes, have changed as a result of exposure is not always easy?

Which of the following, a term common in marketing parlance, refers to the separation of a target population into meaningful subgroups so that messages and campaigns can be appropriately channeled?

If the receiver of a message is known to have a different communicative or cultural background from the sender, the sender will need to encode the message in a way that the receiver will interpret it as intended. This process is referred to as which of the following?

Which of the following refers to an ongoing collective framework, developed over time by human societies and groups, for integrating meaning with events, actions, ways of life, and their corresponding social structures?

As a category of health promotion, which of the following draws from the historical experience of a wide range of social and political movements including the labor movement, the anti-abortion movement, and HIV/AIDS activism?

Which of the following, an important result of community action, allows a community to gain experience and a sense of efficacy about resolving local problems?

The communications definition, "who says what in which channel to who and with what effects," introduces us to the basic layout of a communication process described by a Bell Laboratories mathematician named Claude Shannon, known as the:

In a society with a pronounced gender hierarchy, which system under Ecological Systems Theory could affect the ability of women to work or to act in a policymaking capacity regarding decisions about what services should be offered in communities?

In the early 1990s and beyond, Bronfebrenner began to amend his original Ecological Systems Theory to account for the interaction of multiple systems with which type of individual processes?

The general idea that proximal causes predict most behavior and distal/ultimate causes explain it is a component of which of the following?

Which model integrates constructs from other behavioral theories, so we still see the familiar chain of factors leading to intention-attitudes toward the behavior, perceived subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control (now referred to as personal agency) ?

In the global health arena, multilevel models have been a natural outflow from the widely accepted social determinants approach and from an emerging interest in which concept?

During the 17^th century Enlightenment period, who advanced the idea of the tabula rasa, or "blank slate"-the idea that human beings come into the world with nothing and that our knowledge, our behavioral normal, and our social patterns are all learned?

Which of the following refers to the process of creating a protein from the copied gene?

Which of the following refers to the process of copying a gene?

From an ecological perspective, which of the following provides you with an overview of the interplay between health and other factors, as well and potential social or quality-of-life outcomes for your program?

For which of the following PRECEDE-PROCEED assessment phases are you most likely to need to perform data collection yourself?