Question 1

Access to clean water would represent which type of factor that contributes to the behavior of individuals?

Accepted Answer

Access to clean water is a socioeconomic and structural factor as it relates to the availability of resources and infrastructure that can influence individual behavior and health outcomes.

Question 2

Awareness of and knowledge about health risks and ways to prevent health problems would represent which type of factor that contributes to the behavior of individuals?

Accepted Answer

Awareness and knowledge about health risks and prevention methods are personal attributes that influence an individual's behavior, making them an individual factor.

Question 3

Conditions for spread of an infectious disease would represent which type of factor that contributes to the behavior of individuals?

Accepted Answer

Environmental factors include conditions that can influence the spread of infectious diseases, such as climate, living conditions, and sanitation.

Question 4

Which of the following is commonly associated with strong individual, family, and group ties and often invokes values of hospitality, mutual caring, group solidarity, and common goals, as well as social and even political obligations?

Accepted Answer

Food sharing is commonly associated with strong social bonds and values such as hospitality, mutual caring, and group solidarity, as it often involves communal activities and obligations.

Question 5

The man-made surroundings that provide the setting for human activity, ranging from the large-scale civic surroundings to the personal places, are referred to as which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The term "built environment" refers to the human-made surroundings that provide the setting for human activity, including buildings, parks, and infrastructure.

Question 6

The effects of which epidemic have included a decrease in average life expectancy, significant reduction in household income, decimation of educational system capacity and school attendance, a general decrease in economic production and increase in poverty, and a generation of children without parents?

Accepted Answer

HIV/AIDS has had widespread and profound impacts, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, leading to decreased life expectancy, economic challenges, and a generation of orphans.

Question 7

The scientific tradition, in which the concept of theory developed, is rooted in which tradition of John Locke and David Hume?

Accepted Answer

John Locke and David Hume are associated with the empiricist tradition, which emphasizes knowledge derived from sensory experience.

Question 8

Which tradition argues that because it is individuals who do the perceiving, and individual perception is necessarily influenced by both biology and one's own life experiences, culture, and history, that perception is never objective, but subjective-therefore, what we know of reality can never extend beyond our experience of it?

Accepted Answer

Phenomenology emphasizes that perception is subjective and shaped by individual experiences, culture, and history, suggesting that our understanding of reality is limited to our personal experiences.

Question 9

Which of the following is an important part of such behavioral theories as the Health Belief Model, Theory of Planned Behavior, and Social Cognitive Theory (among others), all of which assume that internal processes, to one degree or another, determine behavior?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive psychology is important in these theories as they focus on internal processes like beliefs, attitudes, and intentions that influence behavior.

Question 10

The locus of explanation for natural phenomena shifted from the divine to the secular-to what was viewed as the primacy of reason and worldly evidence-during which period?

Accepted Answer

The Enlightenment was a period where reason and evidence became the primary sources for understanding natural phenomena, moving away from divine explanations.

Question 11

Which term, as it is commonly used, derives its meaning from a context of Western philosophy and science-that is, the tradition originating with the Greek philosophers and carried through various forms, largely in Europe and North America?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which term, as it is commonly used,...

Question 12

In his many writings, Foucault argued that the which of the following of a particular historical period incorporates a kind of system of rules for how to think about the world (what is true and false, normal or not normal, and so on)?

Accepted Answer

Foucault's concept of "discourse" refers to the ways in which knowledge and power are constructed and maintained through language and practices, shaping what is considered true or false, normal or abnormal in a given historical period.

Question 13

Which of the following is a philosophical tradition asserting that knowledge is based on natural phenomena and their properties and relations as verified by the empirical science?

Accepted Answer

Positivism is the philosophical tradition that asserts knowledge is based on natural phenomena and their properties and relations as verified by empirical science.

Question 14

Approaches from which area of psychology are currently used as therapy in smoking cessation and other addiction treatments?

Accepted Answer

Behaviorist psychology approaches, such as operant conditioning and reinforcement strategies, are commonly used in smoking cessation and addiction treatments.

Question 15

The holistic approach to health (and other) behavior reflected in what is known as the ecological model is an example of the influence of which of the following on public health theory and practice?

Accepted Answer

The answer of The holistic approach to health (and other)...

Question 16

The positive outcomes a person believes will result from the action is referred to by which component of the Health Belief Model?

Accepted Answer

Perceived benefits refer to an individual's assessment of the positive outcomes or advantages of taking a specific health-related action.

Question 17

An external event that motivates a person to act is referred to by which component of the Health Belief Model?

Accepted Answer

Cues to action are external events or triggers that prompt an individual to take action towards a health-related behavior.

Question 18

Self-efficacy is a key construct when individuals reach which stage of the Transtheoretical Model?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Self-efficacy is a key construct when individuals...

Question 19

A mother who smokes and, upon hearing about the effects of secondhand smoke, starts thinking about the effect of her smoking on her children. This is an example of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Environmental reevaluation involves assessing how one's behavior affects the environment, including the impact on others, which is what the mother is doing by considering the effects of her smoking on her children.

Question 20

Developing the habit of exercising to substitute for the act of smoking (learned stimulus-response process) is an example of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Counterconditioning involves replacing an unwanted behavior (smoking) with a more desirable one (exercising).

Quiz 18: Behavioral Factors: Access to Clean Water, Health Risks, and Infectious Diseases