Question 1

The information gathered through which process will help identify channels of communication, the best "tone" for a message, themes to emphasize, potential spokespersons or influential social models, and the knowledge levels and attitudes of your audiences concerning the health issue?

Accepted Answer

Formative research is used to gather information to help design effective communication strategies, including identifying communication channels, tone, themes, spokespersons, and understanding audience knowledge and attitudes.

Question 2

In the four-stage planning approach for communications campaigns, which stage includes beginning communications activities as planned, tracking exposure among the target audiences, and determining whether adjustments to the program are necessary?

Accepted Answer

Stage 3: Implementing the Program involves executing the planned communication activities, monitoring exposure among target audiences, and making necessary adjustments to ensure the campaign's effectiveness.

Question 3

If you want a health behavior or several related health behaviors to appeal to a population group, which of the following can serve as a shortcut that links the behavior to an appealing idea or image?

Accepted Answer

Branding involves creating a strong, positive perception of a product or behavior in the consumer's mind, often by linking it to an appealing idea or image, making it more attractive to a target population.

Question 4

Which type of efforts may seek to influence the public or policymakers though access to the news media, commonly referred to as "news outreach"?

Accepted Answer

Media advocacy involves using the news media to influence public opinion and policymakers, often by framing issues in a way that highlights their importance and urgency.

Question 5

The Text2Quit smoking cessation program, in which messages sought to improve self-efficacy for quitting, describe outcome expectations from quitting, increase perceived social support for quitting, model effective quitting strategies and coping skills, and increase behavioral capability for quitting, was developed based on the constructs from which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The Text2Quit program was developed based on constructs from Social Cognitive Theory, which includes self-efficacy, outcome expectations, social support, modeling, and behavioral capability.

Question 6

Rather than talking up the ill-health effects of smoking, which of the following was designed to appeal to the need for independence among teens and strove to reach teens by letting them know that the tobacco industry was out to manipulate them through its marketing and manufacturing practices?

Accepted Answer

The Truth Campaign was designed to appeal to teens' desire for independence by exposing how the tobacco industry manipulates them through marketing and manufacturing practices.

Question 7

For the purposes of public health, which of the following has resulted in much more rapid routes of transmission for infectious disease around the globe?

Accepted Answer

Globalization has led to increased interconnectedness and movement of people, goods, and services across the globe, facilitating the rapid spread of infectious diseases.

Question 8

Which of the following is a prominent example of a public/private partnership?

Accepted Answer

The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria is a prominent example of a public/private partnership, as it involves collaboration between governments, private sector, and civil society to address global health issues.

Question 9

UNICEF collects data from numerous countries through which of the following, the results of which can be accessed at www.childinfo.org?

Accepted Answer

The Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) is a global survey initiative by UNICEF to collect data on the situation of children and women, and the results are accessible at www.childinfo.org.

Question 10

Which disease gained prominence, in large part, because of its role as an opportunistic infection in those with HIV/AIDS and the increasing incidence in developed countries because of increasing immigration from developing countries?

Accepted Answer

Tuberculosis (TB) gained prominence as an opportunistic infection in individuals with HIV/AIDS due to their weakened immune systems. Additionally, the incidence of TB has increased in developed countries partly due to immigration from regions where TB is more prevalent.

Question 11

Which of the following was a disease of "first world" countries, prevalent in the United States at one time, until it was controlled as a by-product of agricultural development, with better housing, land drainage, mosquito repellants, nets, and so on?

Accepted Answer

Malaria was once prevalent in the United States and other developed countries but was controlled through improved agricultural practices, better housing, and mosquito control measures.

Question 12

The Communications for Development (C4D) framework, now being used by UNICEF, is very similar to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The C4D framework used by UNICEF is very similar to Social and Behavior Change Communications (SBCC) as both focus on using communication strategies to influence and change social behaviors.

Question 13

Which of the following is a well-known framework for predicting behavioral outcomes and for designing intervention programs targeting youth?

Accepted Answer

The Risk and Protective Factor Model is a well-known framework used to predict behavioral outcomes and design intervention programs, particularly targeting youth, by identifying factors that increase or decrease the likelihood of certain behaviors.

Question 14

Under the risk and protective factors model, the clustering of risk factors has been treated as indicating which type of worldview?

Accepted Answer

The clustering of risk factors in the risk and protective factors model is associated with a nonconventional worldview, which deviates from traditional norms and values.

Question 15

Which of the following approaches focuses on the context and the integration of factors, including the ways that "risk-behaving individuals" construct and organize their actions?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following approaches focuses on...

Question 16

Which types of programs focus on specific behaviors that pose the greatest public health threat, while not immediately addressing other risky or unhealthy behaviors the person may engage in?

Accepted Answer

Harm reduction programs focus on reducing the negative consequences of specific high-risk behaviors without necessarily addressing other risky or unhealthy behaviors.

Question 17

The role of outreach workers can be viewed as drawing from which model, where intravenous drug users are addressed based on their readiness to modify specific HIV/AIDS-related risk behaviors or even their drug use?

Accepted Answer

The Transtheoretical Model focuses on the stages of change and readiness to modify behaviors, making it suitable for addressing drug users based on their readiness to change risk behaviors.

Question 18

To determine which of the following, the typical process is to collect data about the issues you expect to change in the short term before your project begins, then collect the same kind of information at one or more points after the intervention is in place to measure the change?

Accepted Answer

Outcome evaluation involves collecting data before and after an intervention to measure changes and determine the effectiveness of the intervention.

Question 19

Long-term impact is something you can measure if you can follow people who participated in your program over an extended period, typically referred to as which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A longitudinal study involves following the same subjects over a long period to measure long-term impacts.

Question 20

Changes between baseline to follow-up data collection that are occurring simply as a result of people becoming more familiar with the evaluation surveys or questions are consistent with which type of confounding?

Accepted Answer

Testing confounding occurs when changes in responses are due to increased familiarity with the survey or questions over time.

Quiz 18: Behavioral Factors: Access to Clean Water, Health Risks, and Infectious Diseases