Question 1

Cancer of the uterine cervix is the thirdmost common cancer diagnosed among women worldwide.

Accepted Answer

Cancer of the uterine cervix is the fourth most common cancer diagnosed among women worldwide.

Question 2

During 2018, 569,847 new cases were diagnosed, and 311,365 women died from cervical cancer in the world population.

Accepted Answer

The statistics provided are consistent with global health reports from organizations like the World Health Organization (WHO) for cervical cancer cases and deaths in 2018.

Question 3

Most cases (over 85%) of cervical cancer are diagnosed in women living in underdeveloped countries.

Accepted Answer

Cervical cancer is more prevalent in underdeveloped countries due to limited access to screening and vaccination programs, contributing to higher diagnosis rates.

Question 4

The "Pap Test," which was introduced in the US around 1950, provides a quick, safe, affordable, and accurate means of detecting precancerous dysplastic lesions of the cervix that can be "cured" by simple surgery or other ablative techniques.

Accepted Answer

The Pap Test, developed by Dr. George Papanicolaou, is a screening procedure for cervical cancer that detects precancerous or cancerous cells on the cervix, allowing for early intervention and treatment.

Question 5

Due to widespread screening by the Pap Test coupled with effective therapy for preneoplastic lesions, cervical cancer incidence and mortality rates have declined dramatically in developed countries.

Accepted Answer

The Pap Test allows for early detection and treatment of precancerous lesions, significantly reducing the incidence and mortality rates of cervical cancer in developed countries.

Question 6

In the USA, the current annual cervical cancer mortality rates are approximately equal among Caucasian and African American women.

Accepted Answer

African American women have higher cervical cancer mortality rates compared to Caucasian women in the USA, due to disparities in access to healthcare and other socio-economic factors.

Question 7

Human Papilloma Virus strains 16 and 18 account for virtually 100% of all cervical cancer.

Accepted Answer

HPV strains 16 and 18 are responsible for approximately 70% of cervical cancer cases, not 100%.

Question 8

Vaccines against HPV16 and HPV18 are expected to effectively eliminate all cases of cervical cancer in treated populations.

Accepted Answer

While vaccines against HPV16 and HPV18 significantly reduce the risk of cervical cancer, they do not eliminate all cases because other high-risk HPV types can also cause cervical cancer.

Question 9

What fraction of cases with invasive cervical cancer are diagnosed in nations without effective screening programs?

Accepted Answer

85% of cases with invasive cervical cancer are diagnosed in nations without effective screening programs, highlighting the importance of such programs in early detection and prevention.

Question 10

All strains of HPV listed below have been linked to the development of cervical cancer except:

Accepted Answer

HPV6 is primarily associated with benign conditions such as genital warts and is not commonly linked to cervical cancer, unlike HPV16, HPV18, and HPV31, which are high-risk strains associated with cervical cancer.

Question 11

Risk factors for cervical cancer include all of the following except:

Accepted Answer

Moderate alcohol consumption is not a recognized risk factor for cervical cancer, whereas high parity, early sexual activity with multiple partners, and chronic cigarette smoking are known risk factors.

Question 12

Infection by oncogenic HPV strains such as HPV16 and HPV18 has been estimated to account for what percentage of cervical cancer cases?

Accepted Answer

Oncogenic HPV strains, particularly HPV16 and HPV18, are responsible for approximately 70% of cervical cancer cases.

Question 13

What screening method has proven most effective in detecting precancerous cervical lesions in women living in underserved areas of the world such as sub-Saharan Africa where medical facilities are virtually absent?

Accepted Answer

Direct visual inspection with special stains, such as acetic acid (VIA), is effective in low-resource settings due to its low cost, immediate results, and minimal infrastructure requirements.

Question 14

Describe the global burden of cervical cancer.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the global burden of cervical cancer....

Question 15

Discuss the impact of the PAP test in the detection and treatment of precancerous lesions of the uterine cervix.

Accepted Answer

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Question 16

Discuss the risk factors for cervical cancer.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss the risk factors for cervical cancer....

Question 17

Discuss the pathogenesis of cervical cancer.

Accepted Answer

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Question 18

Discuss the role of oncogenic strains of human papilloma virus (HPV) in the pathogenesis of cervical cancer.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss the role of oncogenic strains of...

Question 19

Discuss the impact of co-infection by HIV and HPV16/18.

Accepted Answer

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Question 20

Discuss the potential role of HPV vaccines in the prevention and control of cervical cancer.

Accepted Answer

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Quiz 24: Epidemiology of Cervical Cancer

Cancer of the uterine cervix is the third most common cancer diagnosed among women worldwide.