If an empirical relationship between an independent variable and a dependent variable is maintained when the effects of all antecedent variables are controlled or held constant, the relationship is
A) spurious.
B) nonspurious.
C) positive.
D) negative.

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

When the effects of all antecedent variables are controlled or held constant, the relationship between an independent variable and a dependent variable is nonspurious. This means that the relationship is not due to the influence of other variables.

If an Empirical Relationship Between an Independent Variable and a Dependent