Question 1

Researchers studied pain among a sample of 1200 hospitalized patients. Study participants were divided into three age groups to assess differences in distress from pain (scale of 0-10). Which test would be appropriate?
A) A paired t-test was appropriate because the patients were all from the same hospital.
B) An independent t-test because the age groups are not related.
C) ANOVA because three groups are being compared and the outcome variable is at a ratio level.
D) Repeat measures ANOVA because the subjects got one year older annually and the act as their own control group.

Accepted Answer

ANOVA is appropriate because it is used to compare means among three or more groups, and the outcome variable (distress from pain) is at a ratio level.

Question 2

Researchers studied anxiety among a sample of 1200 hospitalized patients. Study participants were divided into three age groups and an ANOVA test was utilized to assess differences in distress from anxiety (scale of 0-10). The researchers report that those 65 years and younger had higher distress from anxiety compared to the two other age groups. You know this means:
A) The researchers should have completed a paired t-test because the patients were all from the same hospital.
B) The F statistic was significant.
C) The p value was > alpha in the 65 and under age group.
D) A type I error was made because the researchers did not use a repeat measures ANOVA.

Accepted Answer

The F statistic was significant, indicating that there were significant differences in distress from anxiety among the age groups.

Question 3

A study examines educational preparation and the average score on a cultural competency exam. Subjects included are nurses with an associate's degree, nurses with a baccalaureate degree, nurses with a master's degree, and nurses with a doctoral degree all of whom complete a survey of 40 questions. What test would be appropriate to determine if there is a significant difference in the average scores among the nurses with the different levels of educational preparation?
A) Chi-Square
B) Independent t-test
C) Outcome Analysis
D) ANOVA

Accepted Answer

A

Question 4

A researcher conducts an ANOVA analysis and reports no differences in average certification exam test scores for nurses identified as Baby Boomers, Millennials or Generation X. You would expect to see:
A) An F value close to 1
B) A p value less than alpha
C) A large sample size
D) A type I error

Accepted Answer

An F value close to 1 suggests that the group means are similar, indicating no significant differences among the groups, which aligns with the researcher's report.

Question 5

A researcher conducts an ANOVA analysis and reports no differences in average certification exam test scores for nurses identified as Baby Boomers, Millennials or Generation X. If this result is INCORRECT you know it is:
A) A Type I error
B) Too large of a sample
C) Because a repeat measures ANOVA should have been utilized
D) A type II error

Accepted Answer

A Type II error occurs when a researcher fails to reject a false null hypothesis, meaning they incorrectly conclude there is no effect or difference when there actually is one.

Question 6

A researcher conducts an ANOVA analysis and reports no differences in average certification exam test scores for nurses identified as Baby Boomers, Millennials or Generation X. If this result is CORRECT you know:
A) Your p value is greater than alpha
B) It is too large of a sample
C) It is a type II error
D) All nurses are equally engaged in their clinical performance.

Accepted Answer

The result of no differences in average scores suggests that the null hypothesis was not rejected, which typically means the p-value is greater than the chosen significance level (alpha).

Question 7

You are conducting a study with twenty-five randomly selected participants in a methadone rehabilitation program. You measure the withdrawal index for all the participants at the beginning of the study, after one week of daily guided meditation practice, and then after one week on a new herbal supplement. An appropriate test to use would be:
A) T-test for dependent groups
B) Repeat measures ANOVA
C) Chi Square
D) Logistic Regression

Accepted Answer

Repeated measures ANOVA is an appropriate test to use because it allows you to compare the withdrawal index at three different time points (beginning of the study, after one week of daily guided meditation practice, and then after one week on a new herbal supplement) for the same group of participants.

Question 8

You are conducting a study with fifty-eight randomly selected participants in a dolophine rehabilitation program. You measure the withdrawal index for all the participants at the beginning of the study, after one week of SSRI treatment, and then after one week of art therapy. This study design may be problematic because of:
A) recall bias
B) degrees of freedom
C) carry-over effects
D) lack of independence

Accepted Answer

Carry-over effects can occur in studies where participants receive multiple treatments in sequence, as the effects of the first treatment may influence the outcomes of subsequent treatments.

Question 9

You have five groups using different exercise techniques and you want to compare the average number of pounds lost. What test would be appropriate?
A) T-test
B) ANOVA
C) Pearson's Correlation Coefficient
D) Chi-square

Accepted Answer

ANOVA is used to compare the means of multiple groups, making it the appropriate test for comparing the average number of pounds lost by the five groups using different exercise techniques.

Question 10

A study utilizes ANOVA to examine the average distribution rates of an antibiotic in infants, toddlers and school age children. The results include an F statistic that is 1.04. You know this means:
A) There is a statistically significant difference in the average distribution rates in the three groups.
B) Infants distribute the antibiotic faster because they have a higher percentage of fluid in their bodies.
C) The differences between the groups are similar to the differences within the groups.
D) There is NOT a statistically significant difference in between the groups.

Accepted Answer

An F statistic of 1.04 suggests that the variance between the group means is similar to the variance within the groups, indicating no statistically significant difference between the groups.

Question 11

A study compares the average blood sugar in young adults, middle aged adults and the elderly after receiving a Thiazolidinedione drug. An appropriate test to utilize would be:
A) independent t-test
B) dependent t-test
C) Chi-square
D) ANOVA

Accepted Answer

ANOVA is used to compare the means of three or more groups, which is appropriate here as the study involves comparing average blood sugar levels across three age groups.

Question 12

A study utilizes repeat measures ANOVA to examine the impact of using 3 months of suppressive treatment with acyclovir immediately followed by 3 months of a new antiviral medication on HSV 2 lesions. The researchers conclude that the new antiviral medication is significantly better at reducing HSV 2 lesions. You are not confident in this results because you are concerned about:
A) carry-over effects
B) inadequate power
C) homogeneity of variance
D) inadequate sample size

Accepted Answer

Carry-over effects can occur in repeated measures designs when the effect of the first treatment (acyclovir) influences the outcomes of the second treatment (new antiviral medication), potentially confounding the results.

Question 13

You are trying to determine if there is a significant difference in the mean age between patients who have developed a nosocomial infection while admitted to your adult surgical unit, your adult medical unit and your cardiac ICU. What would be an appropriate test to use?
A) Chi-square
B) T-test for independent groups
C) ANOVA
D) Repeat measures ANOVA

Accepted Answer

ANOVA is appropriate for comparing the means of more than two groups, such as the mean age of patients across three different units.

Question 14

You are trying to determine if there is a significant difference in the mean Glasgow coma scale score for patients who are seen with a head injury during the day, evening and night shifts in your emergency room. Your ANOVA results have an F value of 22.33 and a p value of <0.01. You know this means:
A) There is a significant difference in the mean Glasgow coma scale score for patients seen with a head injury on the three different shifts.
B) There is NOT significant difference in the mean Glasgow coma scale score for patients seen with a head injury on the three different shifts.
C) A type I error was made.
D) A type II error was made.

Accepted Answer

The p-value of <0.01 indicates that the difference in means is statistically significant, meaning there is a significant difference in the mean Glasgow coma scale scores across the different shifts.

Question 15

You are trying to determine if there is a significant difference in the mean Glasgow coma scale score for patients who are seen with a head injury during the day, evening and night shifts in your emergency room. Your ANOVA results have an F value of 3.74 p value of 0.07. You know this means:
A) There is a significant difference in the mean Glasgow coma scale score for patients seen with a head injury on the three different shifts.
B) There is NOT significant difference in the mean Glasgow coma scale score for patients seen with a head injury on the three different shifts.
C) A type I error was made.
D) A type II error was made.

Accepted Answer

The p-value of 0.07 is greater than the common significance level of 0.05, indicating that there is not a statistically significant difference in the mean scores across the shifts.

Question 16

Researchers design a study to assess the score achieve on Beck's depression inventory before 59 patients begin a group therapy intervention and after 6 weeks, 12 weeks and 6 month after completion. An appropriate statistical test to use would be:
A) t-test for independent groups
B) t-test for dependent groups
C) repeat measures ANOVA
D) multiple regression

Accepted Answer

Repeated measures ANOVA is appropriate for comparing means across multiple time points for the same subjects, as in this study with scores measured at different intervals.

Question 17

$  \quad $$  \quad $$  \quad $$  \quad $$  \quad $$  \quad $$  \quad $$  \quad $$  \quad $$  \quad $$  \quad $$  \quad $$  \quad $$  \quad $$\text { ANOVA }$
$  \quad $$  \quad $$  \quad $$  \quad $$  \quad $$  \quad $$  \quad $$  \quad $$  \quad $$  \quad $$\text { About how often do you pray? }$
$\begin{array}{|l|c|c|c|c|c|}
\hline & \begin{array}{c}
\text { Sum of } \
\text { Squares }
\end{array} & \text { df } & \begin{array}{c}
\text { Mean } \
\text { Square }
\end{array} & \text { F }& \text { Sig } \
\hline \text { Between Groups } & 566.937 & 4 & 141.734 & 72.776 &.000\
\hline \text { Within Groups } & 1269.716 & 643 & 1.975 & \
\hline \text { Total } & 1836.653 & 647 & & \
\hline
\end{array}$
Researchers asked patients who identified as Catholic, Protestant, Jewish, Muslim and Other how many times a month they usually prayed to see if there was a significant difference between the groups. The reported the above information. What should they conclude?
A) There are statistically significant difference in the number of times a month the groups pray.
B) There are no statistically significant differences in the number of times a month the groups pray.
C) The Levene's test is significant.
D) Catholics prayed more than those identified as Other.

Accepted Answer

The F-statistic is significant, indicating that there is a statistically significant difference in the number of times a month the groups pray.

Question 18

Researchers examine the relationship between marital status and physical activity and report a statistically significant association (F=6.11, p=0.022). If the researchers are incorrect you know this is what type of error?
A) Type I
B) Type II
C) Type III
D) Unable to determine

Accepted Answer

A Type I error occurs when researchers incorrectly reject a true null hypothesis, concluding there is an effect or association when there is none. Since they reported a statistically significant association, if they are incorrect, it would be a Type I error.

Question 19

Researchers use ANOVA to examine the relationship between primary language spoken and number of hospital admissions and report a statistically significant association (F=6.11, p=0.022). You know this means:
A) Speaking English is associated with fewer hospital admissions
B) The average number of hospital admissions differs significantly among the groups of primary language speakers.
C) The within group variation is similar to the between group variation.
D) There is a significant difference in the average number of hospital admissions between all of the groups.

Accepted Answer

ANOVA tests whether there are statistically significant differences in the means of a dependent variable across different groups. A significant result indicates that at least one group mean is different from the others.

Question 20

Researchers wish to examine the relationship between primary language spoken and average number of hospital admissions. They assess patients who speak English, Spanish, French, Arabic, and Swahili. An appropriate test to use is:
A) t-test for independent groups
B) t-test for dependent groups
C) ANOVA
D) Chi-square

Accepted Answer

ANOVA is appropriate here because it compares the means of more than two groups (in this case, the average number of hospital admissions for patients speaking different languages).

Quiz 10: Analysis of Variance Anova

Researchers studied pain among a sample of 1200 hospitalized patients. Study participants were divided into three age groups to assess differences in distress from pain (scale of 0-10) . Which test would be appropriate?

A researcher conducts an ANOVA analysis and reports no differences in average certification exam test scores for nurses identified as Baby Boomers, Millennials or Generation X. You would expect to see:

A researcher conducts an ANOVA analysis and reports no differences in average certification exam test scores for nurses identified as Baby Boomers, Millennials or Generation X. If this result is INCORRECT you know it is:

A researcher conducts an ANOVA analysis and reports no differences in average certification exam test scores for nurses identified as Baby Boomers, Millennials or Generation X. If this result is CORRECT you know:

You have five groups using different exercise techniques and you want to compare the average number of pounds lost. What test would be appropriate?

A study utilizes ANOVA to examine the average distribution rates of an antibiotic in infants, toddlers and school age children. The results include an F statistic that is 1.04. You know this means:

A study compares the average blood sugar in young adults, middle aged adults and the elderly after receiving a Thiazolidinedione drug. An appropriate test to utilize would be:

You are trying to determine if there is a significant difference in the mean age between patients who have developed a nosocomial infection while admitted to your adult surgical unit, your adult medical unit and your cardiac ICU. What would be an appropriate test to use?

You are trying to determine if there is a significant difference in the mean Glasgow coma scale score for patients who are seen with a head injury during the day, evening and night shifts in your emergency room. Your ANOVA results have an F value of 22.33 and a p value of <0.01. You know this means:

You are trying to determine if there is a significant difference in the mean Glasgow coma scale score for patients who are seen with a head injury during the day, evening and night shifts in your emergency room. Your ANOVA results have an F value of 3.74 p value of 0.07. You know this means:

Researchers design a study to assess the score achieve on Beck's depression inventory before 59 patients begin a group therapy intervention and after 6 weeks, 12 weeks and 6 month after completion. An appropriate statistical test to use would be:

Researchers examine the relationship between marital status and physical activity and report a statistically significant association (F=6.11, p=0.022) . If the researchers are incorrect you know this is what type of error?

Researchers use ANOVA to examine the relationship between primary language spoken and number of hospital admissions and report a statistically significant association (F=6.11, p=0.022) . You know this means:

Researchers wish to examine the relationship between primary language spoken and average number of hospital admissions. They assess patients who speak English, Spanish, French, Arabic, and Swahili. An appropriate test to use is: