Question 1

When Robert and his wife lived in university married student housing with a young daughter, everyone had a low income, but were hopeful about the future. Financial hardship had little influence on parenting behaviors. In this case, living around other poor students ______ the influence of economic hardship as a determinant of child-rearing.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When Robert and his wife lived in...

Question 2

Fathers are sometimes observed to behave differently toward their sons than toward their daughters. This is an example of a(n) ______ effect between the gender of the parent and the gender of the child.

Accepted Answer

This is an example of an interaction effect, where the behavior (the dependent variable) changes depending on the combination of the parent's gender and the child's gender. Interaction effects occur when the effect of one independent variable on the dependent variable differs depending on the level of another independent variable.

Question 3

A compensatory effect of child-rearing determinants occurs when the effects of one ______.

Accepted Answer

A compensatory effect in child-rearing determinants refers to a situation where the positive impact of one variable is sufficient to counterbalance or compensate for the negative impact of another variable, thus making up for the negative aspects.

Question 4

Maternal employment can affect a mother's emotional state in all of the following ways EXCEPT ______.

Accepted Answer

Options A, B, and D are ways in which maternal employment can affect a mother's emotional state positively (A and B) or negatively (D). However, C is not an effect on the mother's emotional state but rather a potential increase in her workload.

Question 5

The results in the 1991 assessment of risk factors of parental determinants revealed a correlation of a ______ risk index and a ______ HOME score.

Accepted Answer

A high risk index correlates with a low HOME score, indicating that higher risk factors associated with parental determinants are associated with lower quality home environments.

Question 6

Stress can negatively influence parents by making them more likely to be ______.

Accepted Answer

Stress can have a broad impact on parents' behavior and emotional responses, making them more likely to be irritable, withdrawn, and punitive towards their children. Stress affects individuals differently, but these are common reactions among stressed parents.

Question 7

Dismissing mothers with depressed symptoms were found to be less warm and responsive than secure mothers. This empirical study used which of the following assessments to uncover this?

Accepted Answer

The Adult Attachment Interview (AAI) is a tool used to assess an individual's attachment style, which can influence parenting behaviors and emotional responsiveness. This makes it relevant for a study investigating the relationship between a mother's attachment style (e.g., dismissing) and her warmth and responsiveness towards her children.

Question 8

As of 2018, the mean age of women in the United States for having their first child is now approximately ______ years.

Accepted Answer

As of 2018, the mean age of women in the United States for having their first child has increased to approximately 27 years, reflecting societal and economic shifts that encourage later childbirth.

Question 9

According to a 2016 study published about parent-child conversations after trips to the emergency room, parents were how many more times more likely to warn girls to be careful about engaging in certain activities than boys?

Accepted Answer

The study found that parents were four times more likely to warn girls to be careful about engaging in certain activities than boys, highlighting a gender disparity in how parents communicate about safety and risk-taking behaviors.

Question 10

Several cross-cultural studies have examined relations between organized religion, ______ (how faithfully religion is practiced), and adult values.

Accepted Answer

Religiosity is the correct term as it specifically refers to the intensity and consistency of religious practices and beliefs, fitting the context of how faithfully religion is practiced.

Question 11

Prior experience is NOT a central parental characteristic related to child-rearing.

Accepted Answer

Prior experience, including previous parenting or caregiving roles, significantly influences parental attitudes, practices, and competencies, making it a central characteristic related to child-rearing.

Question 12

An abundance of research has shown that more than 30% of single-parent homes are headed by men.

Accepted Answer

Most single-parent homes are headed by women. Statistics consistently show that the majority of single-parent families are led by mothers, not fathers.

Question 13

Mothers, compared to fathers, tend to be more responsive to variations in their children's play; they are more likely to enforce rules and communicate and play peekaboo-type games.

Accepted Answer

Mothers often exhibit a higher sensitivity to the nuances of their children's play and emotional needs, which leads them to engage more in rule-setting, communicative activities, and interactive games like peekaboo. This behavior is attributed to traditional gender roles and maternal instincts that emphasize nurturing and caregiving.

Question 14

Stressed parents are likely to be irritable, negative, punitive, and withdrawn.

Accepted Answer

Stressed parents often exhibit behaviors such as irritability, negativity, punitive actions, and withdrawal due to the psychological and emotional strain they are experiencing.

Question 15

Carol, a mother of two children, has recently gone back to work. Despite the added responsibility, the mental stimulation outside of the house is a positive influence on her parenting behavior.

Accepted Answer

Engaging in work outside the home can provide mental stimulation and a sense of fulfillment, which can positively influence an individual's mood and behavior, including parenting.

Question 16

The four well-documented stable child characteristics that are determinants of parenting consist of child's age, temperament, gender, and birth month.

Accepted Answer

The four well-documented stable child characteristics that are determinants of parenting consist of child's age, temperament, gender, and health status, not birth month.

Question 17

If a parent believed that letting their child cry through the night would decrease their child's demandingness, even if it were not true, then that belief would mediate maternal sensitivity.

Accepted Answer

A belief that letting a child cry through the night decreases demandingness could lead a parent to be less responsive to their child's cries, thus mediating (influencing) the level of maternal sensitivity. This is because the parent's actions (or inactions) are guided by their belief, affecting how sensitive or responsive they are to their child's needs.

Question 18

A child's gender does NOT play a role in the expectations parents have of their children.

Accepted Answer

Parents often have different expectations for their children based on gender, influenced by societal norms and cultural beliefs, which can shape the roles, behaviors, and opportunities encouraged for boys and girls.

Question 19

The Smith household is being assessed in order to determine how context influence the parents' behaviors. The report describes that it is difficult to hear oneself think in the home and that Timothy, the father, is constantly losing his keys. Therefore, the Smith household would score low on CHAOS.

Accepted Answer

CHAOS stands for Confusion, Hubbub, and Order Scale, which measures the level of noise, confusion, and lack of routine in a household. Descriptions of difficulty hearing oneself think and losing keys suggest a high level of chaos, not low.

Question 20

Young fathers and those 45 years and older are likely to have children that differ from children of other fathers.

Accepted Answer

Young fathers and those aged 45 years and older are more likely to have children with health and developmental issues compared to fathers of intermediate age, due to factors like less mature or older sperm, and different socio-economic and lifestyle factors.

Quiz 5: Determinants of Parenting