Question 1

A ______ period in development represents a time period early in life when an organism is particularly susceptible or vulnerable to experiences or substances and damage is irreversible.

Accepted Answer

A critical period in development is a specific time during which an organism needs to experience stimuli to develop normally, and missing these stimuli can lead to irreversible consequences.

Question 2

The ______ child is able to make use of environmental and personal resources to achieve positive personal development.

Accepted Answer

The term "competent" best describes a child who can effectively utilize both environmental and personal resources for their own positive development. Competency implies having the necessary ability, knowledge, or skill to perform a task successfully, which in this context refers to personal development.

Question 3

According to Bartholomew's classification scheme of attachment-based representations of self and others, someone who views oneself and others in a positive manner would be labeled as having which attachment classification?

Accepted Answer

Bartholomew's classification scheme of attachment includes four categories based on a model of self and others as either positive or negative. The secure attachment classification is characterized by a positive view of both self and others, indicating a healthy, balanced approach to relationships and self-perception.

Question 4

Mothers who expressed autonomous views of their own relationships were likely to develop a(n) ______ attachment with their infants, but women who were dismissing or preoccupied were likely to have a(n) ______ attachment.

Accepted Answer

Mothers with autonomous views tend to form secure attachments with their infants, while those with dismissing or preoccupied views are more likely to develop insecure attachments.

Question 5

Susie's father, Paul, has a history of aggressive behavior. The diathesis-stress model would argue that, in light of the Susie's genetic predisposition toward aggression, the environment plays ______ in determining whether Susie will also display problematic behavior.

Accepted Answer

The diathesis-stress model posits that psychological disorders, or behaviors in this context, are the result of a genetic vulnerability (diathesis) combined with environmental stressors. Thus, the environment plays a significant role, but its impact is contingent upon the presence and intensity of environmental stressors.

Question 6

There are different types of historical evidence for the effects of parental influence. Some problems associated with types of historical evidence for the effects of parental influence include ______.

Accepted Answer

All of these options represent problems associated with types of historical evidence for the effects of parental influence, including the challenge of unknown prior histories of the child, the difficulty in fully understanding the nature of experiences, and the questionable validity of comparisons between animals and humans.

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of academic redshirting?

Accepted Answer

Academic redshirting refers to the practice of delaying a child's entry into kindergarten to allow more time for emotional, intellectual, or physical development, which is what Amal is doing by waiting a year to enroll her son Rami in kindergarten.

Question 8

At dinner, Jameel's parents expressed disapproval of alcohol use. They are engaging in which of the following in order to keep their child on a healthy trajectory?

Accepted Answer

Risk socialization refers to the process by which parents communicate their values, beliefs, and expectations about risky behaviors, such as alcohol use, to their children in order to guide them towards safer, healthier choices. By expressing disapproval of alcohol use, Jameel's parents are engaging in risk socialization, aiming to influence their child's attitudes and behaviors regarding alcohol.

Question 9

Social competence begins developing at what stage in a child's development?

Accepted Answer

Social competence begins developing in infancy as babies start to interact with caregivers and respond to social cues.

Question 10

Since monitoring is dependent upon the child's openness, it is increasingly being recognized as a ______ variable.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Since monitoring is dependent upon the child's...

Question 11

A sensitive period in child development may not be irreversible.

Accepted Answer

A sensitive period in child development refers to a time frame when the child is particularly receptive to certain types of environmental stimuli, but missing these stimuli doesn't mean development cannot occur later, albeit potentially with more difficulty.

Question 12

The famous pediatrician T. Berry Brazelton thought effective parenting was so critical that he argued good nurturing by mothers and fathers during the first 3 years of life protects children against the lure of tobacco when they become adolescents.

Accepted Answer

T. Berry Brazelton, a renowned pediatrician, emphasized the importance of nurturing in the early years of a child's life, suggesting that effective parenting during the first 3 years can have long-lasting impacts, including reducing the likelihood of children turning to tobacco in adolescence. His work highlighted the critical role of early childhood experiences in shaping future behaviors and health outcomes.

Question 13

It is possible to draw useful scientific conclusions from experiments of nature, despite the fact that there is no information about the state of the children prior to their discovery.

Accepted Answer

The answer of It is possible to draw useful scientific...

Question 14

Mitchel, a neglected 2-year-old boy who has been in an orphanage, quickly receives placement in a foster home with positive, nurturing foster parents. As Mitchel ages, he does not exhibit any significant hindrances. This is an example of the dose-response relationship of parenting.

Accepted Answer

The dose-response relationship of parenting suggests that the more positive and nurturing the parenting environment, the better the child's outcomes. In this case, Mitchel's placement in a positive foster home led to him not exhibiting any significant hindrances as he aged.

Question 15

A child's resistance to temptation in a laboratory setting remains a key indicator of the child's ability to delay gratification and evidence of a developing conscience.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A child's resistance to temptation in a...

Question 16

According to Bartholomew's classification scheme of attachment-based representations of self and others, when view of self is positive and other is negative, the classification is "dismissing."

Accepted Answer

In Bartholomew's model of attachment, a positive view of self and a negative view of others is classified as "dismissing" attachment style.

Question 17

A mother uses harsh punishment and consistently yells at her child. By using engaging in this relational aggression, there is a likelihood that this form of parental control would attribute itself toward a child's dysfunction.

Accepted Answer

Harsh punishment and consistent yelling can be considered forms of relational aggression and negative parental control, which research has shown can contribute to various forms of dysfunction in children, including emotional, behavioral, and social problems.

Question 18

In a cross-cultural study conducted in North America and Egypt, maternal vocal stimulation was found to be negatively related to toddler behavioral competence.

Accepted Answer

The study actually found that maternal vocal stimulation was positively related to toddler behavioral competence, indicating that more vocal stimulation from mothers was associated with better behavioral outcomes in toddlers.

Question 19

As a way of guiding a child's development, parents can engage in promotive strategies, which might include the decision to school a child at home to steer them away from external, negative influences.

Accepted Answer

The answer of As a way of guiding a child's...

Question 20

Debriefing is a mediating strategy that enables children to process the emotions associated with a difficult situation.

Accepted Answer

Debriefing is a strategy used to help individuals, including children, process and understand their emotions and reactions after experiencing a difficult or stressful situation. It facilitates emotional and cognitive processing of the event.

Quiz 4: How Important Are Parents