Question 1

What is one formal way societies reinforce their norms and expectations?

Accepted Answer

Laws are formal systems established by societies to enforce norms and expectations through legal codes and regulations.

Question 2

Nick is caught cheating in his high school English class. The school kicks him off the football team, an example of what informal reinforcement of norms?

Accepted Answer

Exclusion is used here as a means to enforce norms informally by removing Nick from the football team as a consequence of his actions, demonstrating social disapproval without involving formal legal measures.

Question 3

The adjustment of social and cultural norms over time is known as ______.

Accepted Answer

Sociocultural evolution refers to the gradual adjustment of social and cultural norms over time.

Question 4

What is one way change can occur through state institutions?

Accepted Answer

Elections are a direct method through which change can occur in state institutions, as they allow for the selection of new leaders and representatives who can implement new policies and reforms.

Question 5

How did the LGBTQ community win the right to legally recognized same-sex marriage?

Accepted Answer

The LGBTQ community won the right to legally recognized same-sex marriage primarily through a landmark Supreme Court case, Obergefell v. Hodges, in 2015. The Court ruled that the denial of marriage licenses to same-sex couples violated the Constitution's guarantees of equal protection and due process.

Question 6

Adam and Steve want to become parents by adopting a child. Their process has recently become easier because ______.

Accepted Answer

Many states have passed new laws allowing same-sex couples to adopt, making the adoption process easier for couples like Adam and Steve.

Question 7

Why was the effort to gain the right to vote for women so difficult?

Accepted Answer

The effort to gain the right to vote for women was difficult because it required changing both deeply ingrained social norms and existing laws that excluded women from the electoral process.

Question 8

Joan wears an asymmetrical hairstyle and outlandish clothing. How could society informally punish her for such deviance?

Accepted Answer

Isolation by peers is a form of informal punishment that society might use against someone who deviates from social norms, such as wearing outlandish clothing or sporting an asymmetrical hairstyle. Unlike formal punishments, which are carried out by institutions and involve official sanctions, informal punishments like social isolation are carried out by individuals or groups within society without any legal proceedings.

Question 9

Several states have passed laws to legalize marijuana for medical and recreational uses. This is an example of a(n) ______ social change.

Accepted Answer

The legalization of marijuana for medical and recreational uses is an example of intentional social change, as it results from deliberate actions taken by lawmakers and advocates to alter policies and laws.

Question 10

What type of social change resulted from the printing press, and later with the introduction of the Internet?

Accepted Answer

The social changes resulting from the printing press and the Internet were largely unintentional, as they were not planned but emerged as a consequence of the new technologies.

Question 11

Kuno was born with a male anatomy, but identifies as female. The pace of society changing to accept this shifting gender identification is likely to be ______.

Accepted Answer

Societal changes, especially those related to understanding and accepting shifting gender identities, tend to be gradual due to the complexity of changing longstanding norms and beliefs.

Question 12

If a region wants to be considered a state and it has security forces, a judicial system, and geographic territory, what does it lack?

Accepted Answer

For a region to be considered a state, it must have a decision-making authority or government that exercises sovereignty over its territory. Security forces, a judicial system, and geographic territory are important, but without decision-maker(s) or a governing body, the region cannot function as a state.

Question 13

The only organization that has the legal right to use violence on you is a(n) ______.

Accepted Answer

The state holds the monopoly on the legitimate use of physical force within its territory, a concept known as the monopoly on violence. This means that only the state, through its various arms (such as police and military, under certain conditions), has the legal right to use or authorize the use of physical force.

Question 14

The only entity that is legally allowed to tax you is a(n) ______.

Accepted Answer

A state is the only entity among the options given that has the legal authority to impose taxes on individuals and businesses.

Question 15

According to Max Weber, where does the state get its power?

Accepted Answer

Max Weber defined the state as an entity that has a "monopoly on the legitimate use of physical force" within a given territory. This means that the state is the only entity that can legitimately use violence to enforce laws and maintain order, distinguishing its power from that of other groups or individuals.

Question 16

If the state uses violence in unacceptable ways, the people can best respond by ______.

Accepted Answer

Protesting and using civil disobedience are peaceful means of expressing dissent and advocating for change, aligning with democratic principles and human rights. These methods aim to bring attention to issues without resorting to violence or undermining the rule of law.

Question 17

What theory of state development focuses on the need to recruit and train administrators?

Accepted Answer

The managerial perspective focuses on the importance of recruiting and training administrators to ensure the efficient operation and development of the state. This perspective emphasizes the role of management and administration in state formation and governance.

Question 18

Amaru is a public works administrator in his state. Applying the managerial perspective of statehood, his most important job as a bureaucrat is to ______.

Accepted Answer

From the managerial perspective of statehood, the primary role of bureaucrats like Amaru is to ensure that the state is seen as capable and efficient in meeting the needs of its citizens. This involves convincing people that the state can fulfill their needs, thereby maintaining public trust and support for state institutions and policies.

Question 19

Which perspective on the development of states is most compatible with Weber's assertion about power and violence?

Accepted Answer

The militaristic perspective aligns with Max Weber's assertion that a state is an entity that successfully claims a monopoly on the legitimate use of physical force within a given territory. This perspective emphasizes the role of military power and violence in the formation and maintenance of states, which is compatible with Weber's views on power and the state's authority.

Question 20

In what way does Charles Tilly assert that states are protection rackets?

Accepted Answer

Tilly argues that states operate similarly to protection rackets by offering security and protection to their citizens in exchange for taxes, essentially trading security for resources.

Quiz 13: Change Through Policy and the Law