Question 1

Mood dependent memory refers to the fact that we are more likely to remember positive information when in a positive mood and more likely to remember negative information when in a negative mood.

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Question 2

Using research by Tversky and Kahneman,describe how providing participants with descriptive information affects their use of base rate information.Why can failing to use the base rate result in errors in judgment?

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Question 3

Peter has a gambling problem.Using the concept of the illusion of control,how can Peter's gambling problem be explained?

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Question 4

The optimistic bias would explain why Sarah,a graduating senior,believes she will be less likely than her peers to experience hardship from a difficult job market.

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The optimistic bias is a cognitive bias in which individuals believe that they are less likely to experience negative events than others. Sarah's belief that she will be less likely to experience hardship from a difficult job market than her peers is an example of the optimistic bias.

Question 5

You are trying to convince your friend to go on a trip with you to the beach.You know your friend loves to swim and spend time sunbathing.However,you also know that your friend has a lot of work to do and that her last trip to the beach she was badly sunburned.Based on information about the way the availability heuristic works,what should you say to your friend that would help convince her to go? What should you avoid saying?

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Question 6

Pick two of the four heuristics described in your textbook and discuss how they can bias our thinking.What are the advantages or benefits to using heuristics?

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Question 7

What is the perseverance effect? Provide an example and explain how it relates to stereotyping.

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Question 8

Tom sustained serious injuries in a car accident and was paralyzed from the neck down.Provide an example of how Tom could engage in counterfactual thinking and feel better about his situation.Describe an example of how Tom could engage in counterfactual thinking and feel worse about his situation.Include a definition of counterfactual thinking in your answer.

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Question 9

Briefly define mood dependent memory.

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Question 10

Use Robert Rosenthal and Lenore Jacobson's study on elementary school students to describe how self-fulfilling prophecies can be created.How does selective filtering play a role in the development self-fulfilling prophecies?

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Question 11

Suppose you have developed a new weight loss drug which on average helps overweight and obese individuals lose up to 15% of their body weight.Using information about the framing heuristic,describe both an effective and ineffective way of marketing your new product and explain why one strategy is likely to be more successful over the other strategy.

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Question 12

Describe how schemas are activated.Once schemas are activated,how do they influence our processing and interpretation of subsequent information we encounter in the social world?

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Question 13

How does mood influence the way we remember and learn information? Describe at least two ways in which mood affects cognition.If you had an important decision to make,would it better to be in a positive or negative mood? Why?

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Question 14

Describe a situation that illustrates the negativity bias.

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Question 15

Compare and contrast automatic and controlled processing.Include information on where each type of processing is housed in the brain.When are you more likely to engage in controlled processing over automatic processing?

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Question 16

Explain how the use of the anchoring and adjustment heuristic can lead to biased estimates.

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Question 17

Although assuming you will experience positive outcomes in life is healthy in many ways,the optimistic bias also has drawbacks.Describe one potential drawback to the optimistic bias.Be sure to include a definition of this concept in your answer.

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Question 18

Briefly define the availability heuristic.Provide an example.

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Question 19

Define 'schema' and provide an example.

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Question 20

Pick three of the four heuristics descried in your textbook.Define each one and provide an example.

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Quiz 3: Social Cognition: Thinking About the Social World