Question 1

Johnny was in a boating accident when he was little.He realizes that his negative attitude towards the ocean stems from his bad childhood experience.Johnny's attitude towards the ocean represents what type of attitude?

Accepted Answer

Explicit attitudes are those that we are consciously aware of and can easily report. Johnny is aware of his negative attitude towards the ocean and can trace it back to a specific experience, making it an explicit attitude.

Question 2

Lisa has a positive attitude toward working out at the gym.She believes that spending time at the gym benefits her health.This represents which component of her attitude?

Accepted Answer

The component of Lisa's attitude represented in this scenario is cognition, which refers to the beliefs or thoughts a person has about a particular object or situation. Lisa believes that working out at the gym is good for her health, which is a cognitive aspect of her attitude. The other options are not applicable because behavior refers to actions, and affect refers to emotions or feelings, neither of which are explicitly mentioned in the scenario.

Question 3

If George likes Italian food and he is invited by his friend to try a new Italian restaurant,he most likely will hold a positive attitude toward these plans.This best illustrates the notion of:

Accepted Answer

Cognitive consistency refers to the tendency for people to seek out and maintain attitudes that are consistent with their existing beliefs and values. In this case, George's positive attitude towards Italian food is consistent with his friend's invitation to try a new Italian restaurant. Therefore, he is likely to hold a positive attitude towards these plans. Ambivalence refers to having mixed feelings or attitudes towards something, which is not the case here. Unconditioned response and cognitive strength are not relevant to this situation.

Question 4

Possessing simultaneously strong contradictory emotions and motivations is defined as:

Accepted Answer

Having strong contradictory emotions and motivations is referred to as an ambivalent attitude. It means having conflicting feelings or opinions about someone or something. An implicit attitude refers to the unconscious attitudes or biases, while an explicit attitude is a conscious attitude that a person is aware of. "Attitude" alone is too general and does not specifically describe the concept of having contradictory emotions and motivations.

Question 5

Bob was recently in a car accident that paralyzed him from the waist down.He realizes the driver that hit him was not to blame,but he has very mixed emotions towards this person.Bob's attitude is ___________.

Accepted Answer

Bob's mixed emotions towards the driver suggest that he has conflicting feelings and is uncertain about how to feel, indicating ambivalence.

Question 6

Psychologist Laurie A.Rudman identified which of the following as a factor that differentiates between implicit and explicit attitudes?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Psychologist Laurie A.Rudman identified which of the...

Question 7

___________ is defined as having an evaluative component towards a stimulus that is made up of affective,behavioral,and cognitive information.

Accepted Answer

An attitude is defined as a psychological tendency or a construct that represents the evaluation of the stimulus. It encompasses affective, cognitive, and behavioral information. Option B, an ambivalent attitude, refers to a situation where an individual has conflicting positive and negative evaluations of a stimulus. Aptitude, option C, refers to an individual's ability or potential to learn and develop certain skills. Observational learning, option D, is a type of learning in which an individual learns by observing and imitating the behavior of others.

Question 8

Why do affective experiences seem to have more of an effect on implicit attitudes than on explicit attitudes?

Accepted Answer

Affective experiences are related to automatic reactions, which can influence implicit attitudes more than explicit attitudes. Implicit attitudes are unconscious and automatic, while explicit attitudes are conscious and controlled. Therefore, affective experiences may have a stronger effect on implicit attitudes because they tap into the automatic processing of the brain.

Question 9

What have researchers found with respect to how the brain responds to positive,negative,and neutral stimuli?

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that the brain tends to have a stronger response to negative stimuli compared to positive or neutral stimuli. This phenomenon is often referred to as the negativity bias, where negative events have a greater impact on one's psychological state and processes than neutral or positive events.

Question 10

Lisa has a positive attitude toward working out at the gym.She feels happy when she is able to spend time exercising.This represents which component of her attitude?

Accepted Answer

Affect refers to the emotional component of an attitude, so Lisa's happiness when working out at the gym represents her affective component toward exercising.

Question 11

Johnny was in a boating accident when he was little.Now he has an automatic fearful reaction to the ocean.Johnny's attitude towards the ocean represents a(n):

Accepted Answer

Johnny's automatic fearful reaction to the ocean suggests an implicit attitude - an attitude that is not consciously chosen but rather learned through past experiences or associations.

Question 12

When you are forming an attitude about an idea,object,or person you are more likely to focus on the negative information over the positive information.This is termed __________.

Accepted Answer

The negativity bias is a cognitive bias where individuals tend to give more attention and weight to negative information and experiences than positive ones. This can affect the formation of attitudes as negative information may be given more weight when forming an opinion about an idea, object, or person.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT considered one of main components of an attitude?

Accepted Answer

The three main components of an attitude are cognition (thoughts and beliefs), affect (emotions and feelings), and behavior (actions and intentions). Aptitude, on the other hand, refers to a natural ability or capacity to do something.

Question 14

Affective experiences are most closely associated with which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Implicit attitudes are closely associated with affective experiences because they are automatic, often unconscious emotional responses to stimuli.

Question 15

Which of the following types of attitudes is most closely associated with cognitive control?

Accepted Answer

Explicit attitudes involve conscious awareness and deliberate control, which are closely associated with cognitive control. Unconscious attitudes and implicit attitudes are processed automatically without conscious awareness, while ambivalent attitudes are characterized by conflicting evaluations and do not necessarily involve cognitive control.

Question 16

Which of the following statements about implicit attitudes is most true?

Accepted Answer

Implicit attitudes are beliefs or feelings that are automatic, uncontrollable, and often operate without our conscious awareness. Therefore, the best statement about implicit attitudes is that they are automatically activated, making choice D the correct answer.

Question 17

An attitude that one recognizes and can control is known as a(n)__________ attitude.

Accepted Answer

Explicit attitudes are conscious attitudes that one is aware of and can control. They are often based on conscious beliefs, values, and experiences, and are expressed through conscious thought or behavior. In contrast, unconscious attitudes (B) or implicit attitudes (C) are not consciously recognized or controlled. Internal attitude (D) is not a recognized term in psychology.

Question 18

According to your textbook,what is one suggested reason why we are more likely to pay attention to negative information over positive information?

Accepted Answer

According to the textbook, one suggested reason why we are more likely to pay attention to negative information over positive information is because paying attention to negative information would aid in our survival by helping us to avoid potential dangers. This is part of our evolutionary past where those who were more attuned to potential dangers were more likely to survive and pass on their genes.

Question 19

Classical conditioning was first demonstrated by __________ in his famous experiment with dogs.

Accepted Answer

Ivan Pavlov conducted the famous experiment where he conditioned dogs to salivate at the sound of a bell. He is widely regarded as the father of classical conditioning.

Question 20

Lisa has a positive attitude toward working out at the gym.She goes to the gym to workout 5 days a week.This represents which component of her attitude?

Accepted Answer

Lisa's behavior (going to the gym to work out 5 days a week) represents the component of her attitude.

Quiz 6: Attitudes: Making Evaluations About the World