Question 1

Kanwisher's fMRI data shows that there is a correlation between ___________ and the left frontal lobe and the left temporal-parietal area.

Accepted Answer

Kanwisher's fMRI data indicates that language-specific tasks are correlated with activity in the left frontal lobe and the left temporal-parietal area, which are regions typically associated with language processing.

Question 2

Sakai's study on a causal link between brain region and language used:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Sakai's study on a causal link between...

Question 3

Sakai's study on a causal link between brain region and language asked participants to identify:

Accepted Answer

Sakai's study focused on syntactic and semantic errors, which are related to the brain's language processing regions.

Question 4

Ojemann and Whitaker used ___________ to look for differences in the way the brain encodes primary and secondary languages.

Accepted Answer

Ojemann and Whitaker used electrical stimulation mapping to study how the brain encodes primary and secondary languages. This technique involves direct stimulation of the brain's surface to observe changes in function, which helps in identifying language areas.

Question 5

Any reading disorder where the individual has difficulty recognizing and processing alphabetical symbols and words is called:

Accepted Answer

Dyslexia is a reading disorder characterized by difficulty in recognizing and processing alphabetical symbols and words.

Question 6

Often those with dyslexia have _____ problems.

Accepted Answer

Dyslexia is often associated with auditory processing problems, which can affect the ability to process and interpret sounds, leading to difficulties with reading and language skills.

Question 7

A child, although bright, is unable to copy a sentence from the chalkboard, and also often cannot remember content after reading a text book. It is possible that the child has:

Accepted Answer

Dyslexia is a learning disorder characterized by difficulties with accurate and/or fluent word recognition and by poor spelling and decoding abilities, which can affect reading and writing skills.

Question 8

If someone has difficulty recognizing words at the orthographic level, this means that they have trouble recognizing ______ language.

Accepted Answer

Orthographic processing refers to the ability to recognize written words and their patterns. Therefore, difficulty at the orthographic level means trouble recognizing written language.

Question 9

Orthographic level difficulties can be referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Surface dyslexia is characterized by difficulties in recognizing words by sight, which is related to orthographic processing issues.

Question 10

Those with deep dyslexia will have difficulty:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Those with deep dyslexia will have difficulty:
...

Question 11

Those with surface dyslexia will have difficulty:

Accepted Answer

Surface dyslexia affects the ability to understand written language, making it difficult to understand what is written.

Question 12

Those with dyslexia show less-than-normal activation in which part of the brain (in response to written words)?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Those with dyslexia show less-than-normal activation in...

Question 13

The two hemispheres of the brain are found to be more symmetrical than is common in those with:

Accepted Answer

The answer of The two hemispheres of the brain are...

Question 14

Individuals with dyslexia have hemispheres that are __________ than is common.

Accepted Answer

Individuals with dyslexia often have more symmetrical brain hemispheres, which is different from the typical asymmetry seen in non-dyslexic individuals.

Question 15

Stuttering is caused by higher-than-normal activation in which of the following areas?

Accepted Answer

Stuttering is associated with higher-than-normal activation in Broca's area, which is involved in speech production and language processing.

Question 16

Stuttering is linked to reduced activity in the:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Stuttering is linked to reduced activity in...

Question 17

In the case of King George VI, stuttering was alleviated by singing, rather than speaking. Why did this work?

Accepted Answer

Singing can engage different neural pathways than speaking, often involving the right hemisphere of the brain, which can help bypass the areas associated with stuttering.

Question 18

Language dominancy can be most definitively determined through:

Accepted Answer

The Wada test is a procedure used to establish which hemisphere of the brain is responsible for language and memory functions, making it definitive for determining language dominance.

Question 19

A barbiturate is used to _______ the brain in the Wada test.

Accepted Answer

A barbiturate is used to anesthetize the brain in the Wada test. This is done to temporarily disable one hemisphere of the brain in order to study the function of the other hemisphere.

Question 20

Apraxia is difficulty:

Accepted Answer

Apraxia is a motor disorder caused by damage to the brain, in which a person has difficulty with the motor planning to perform tasks or movements when asked, despite having the desire and physical capability to perform the movements.

Quiz 11: Language and Lateralization