Question 1

Ethical issues in the use of self-reports in human subjects-involved research include:

Accepted Answer

All of the above are ethical issues in the use of self-reports in human subjects-involved research, as they all relate to the protection of participants' rights and well-being.

Question 2

This action, designed to prevent research misconduct, involves storing data and the computer programs used to analyze them in an organized fashion on a secured server that other researchers are allowed to access:

Accepted Answer

Reproducible research tools involve storing data and analysis programs in a way that allows other researchers to access and verify the results, thus preventing research misconduct by ensuring transparency and reproducibility.

Question 3

those found to have committed scientific misconduct may face a specified period of time (three years maximum) of exclusion from receiving federal funding, known as:

Accepted Answer

Debarment is the term used for excluding individuals from receiving federal funding for a specified period due to scientific misconduct.

Question 4

This type of risk is embedded in the larger setting, say, the inner city of Detroit or a conflict zone in the Middle East:

Accepted Answer

Ambient risk refers to the risk that is inherent in a particular environment or setting, such as an inner city or conflict zone.

Question 5

This occurs when personal, financial, political, and academic concerns coexist and there is a potential for one interest to be illegitimately favored over others that have equal or greater legitimacy in a way that might make reasonable people feel misled or deceived:

Accepted Answer

A conflict of interest arises when an individual's personal, financial, political, or academic interests could potentially interfere with their professional responsibilities, leading to a situation where one interest might be improperly prioritized over others.

Question 6

This activity has been shown to reduce stress and other harms caused to human subjects involved in social scientific research.

Accepted Answer

Debriefing is a process used in research to inform participants about the study's purpose and procedures after their involvement, which can help alleviate stress and any negative effects experienced during the research.

Question 7

This term describes a situation where the riskier is the study, the more good the study's results must show to be considered ethical:

Accepted Answer

The risk-benefit ratio is a concept in research ethics where the potential benefits of a study must outweigh the risks involved. The riskier the study, the more significant the benefits must be to justify the ethical conduct of the research.

Question 8

This term describes both an event and a state:

Accepted Answer

Harm can describe both an event (an occurrence causing damage or injury) and a state (the condition of being harmed).

Question 9

These are risks that are attributable to the very presence of the researcher:

Accepted Answer

Situational risks are those that arise due to the presence and actions of the researcher in the research environment, potentially affecting participants or the research setting.

Question 10

This set of guiding principles for biomedical research was developed by an international tribunal convened in Germany in the aftermath of WWII:

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is "None of the above." The set of guiding principles developed after WWII is the Nuremberg Code, not listed among the options.

Question 11

Discuss the various actions than can be taken by a university or "think tank" to prevent scientific misconduct by researchers working there who use human subjects.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss the various actions than can be...

Question 12

Because scientific evidence created through research may be used in criminal or other trials, should judges (in particular), prosecutors, and defense attorneys receive training in research ethics? Explain.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Because scientific evidence created through research may...

Question 13

Compare the principles articulated by the Nuremburg Code, the Helsinki Declaration, and the Belmont Report. Are there any common themes you can identify? Describe them and why they are important.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compare the principles articulated by the Nuremburg...

Question 14

Should the same guiding principles for protecting human subjects involved in research be extended to animals involved in research? Why or why not?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Should the same guiding principles for protecting...

Quiz 13: Ethics and Criminal Justice Research