Question 1

Adam Bellow | Nepotism in American Business
Bellow discusses what he calls "postmodern" nepotism, comparing it to the commonly understood meaning of (now) old "nepotism." Whereas the Old Nepotism described parents hiring their own children or relatives, the New Nepotism refers to the practice of children using the parents' connections opportunistically to further their own careers.
-Debates about nepotism highlight the tension between

Accepted Answer

The debate about nepotism often centers around the tension between birth (family connections) and merit (individual ability and qualifications).

Question 2

Adam Bellow | Nepotism in American Business
Bellow discusses what he calls "postmodern" nepotism, comparing it to the commonly understood meaning of (now) old "nepotism." Whereas the Old Nepotism described parents hiring their own children or relatives, the New Nepotism refers to the practice of children using the parents' connections opportunistically to further their own careers.
-According to Bellow, New Nepotism reflects

Accepted Answer

New Nepotism reflects a more competitive social environment, a more level playing field, and more difficulty in masking incompetence.

Question 3

Describe the differences between what Bellow terms Old and New Nepotism and how each developed within their contemporary cultural frameworks. Do you think Bellow is arguing in favor of New Nepotism? Why or why not?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the differences between what Bellow terms...

Question 4

Bellows writes that nepotism as a "violent form of particularism" has led, in some countries, to ethnic nationalism and genocidal violence. Do you agree that nepotism understood on a global scale explains the tragic wars and slaughter that can result from a preference for one's own cultural, linguistic, or religious group? Why or why not? Explain your answer.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Bellows writes that nepotism as a "violent...

Question 5

Stephen Coleman | Conflict of Interest and Police: An Unavoidable Problem
Coleman states that conflicts of interest arise when we must exercise judgment on behalf of another individual. Any sense of loyalty that influences our judgment can compromise our ability to be fair. Coleman discusses what kinds of conflicts of interest arise for police officers and what kinds of problems they lead to, and he offers methods for dealing with them. He concludes that what is unique to police is that they often face unavoidable conflicts of interest while still being duty-bound to curtail the rights of others.
-According to Coleman, conflicts of interest arise only when a person is required to

Accepted Answer

Conflicts of interest arise when a person must exercise judgment on behalf of another individual, as stated by Coleman.

Question 6

Stephen Coleman | Conflict of Interest and Police: An Unavoidable Problem
Coleman states that conflicts of interest arise when we must exercise judgment on behalf of another individual. Any sense of loyalty that influences our judgment can compromise our ability to be fair. Coleman discusses what kinds of conflicts of interest arise for police officers and what kinds of problems they lead to, and he offers methods for dealing with them. He concludes that what is unique to police is that they often face unavoidable conflicts of interest while still being duty-bound to curtail the rights of others.
-A genuine conflict of interest involves a(n) ___________ tending to make a person's judgment less reliable than normal.

Accepted Answer

A genuine conflict of interest involves an influence, loyalty, or emotion tending to make a person's judgment less reliable than normal.

Question 7

Stephen Coleman | Conflict of Interest and Police: An Unavoidable Problem
Coleman states that conflicts of interest arise when we must exercise judgment on behalf of another individual. Any sense of loyalty that influences our judgment can compromise our ability to be fair. Coleman discusses what kinds of conflicts of interest arise for police officers and what kinds of problems they lead to, and he offers methods for dealing with them. He concludes that what is unique to police is that they often face unavoidable conflicts of interest while still being duty-bound to curtail the rights of others.
-A police officer whose judgment is clouded by a conflict of interest may be susceptible to

Accepted Answer

A police officer whose judgment is clouded by a conflict of interest may be susceptible to both inappropriate and illegal conduct, as their compromised ability to be fair can lead to actions that are either unethical or against the law.

Question 8

Stephen Coleman | Conflict of Interest and Police: An Unavoidable Problem
Coleman states that conflicts of interest arise when we must exercise judgment on behalf of another individual. Any sense of loyalty that influences our judgment can compromise our ability to be fair. Coleman discusses what kinds of conflicts of interest arise for police officers and what kinds of problems they lead to, and he offers methods for dealing with them. He concludes that what is unique to police is that they often face unavoidable conflicts of interest while still being duty-bound to curtail the rights of others.
-Even when an officer acts completely ___________, conflicts of interest tend to create the appearance of bias.

Accepted Answer

Even when an officer acts completely impartially, conflicts of interest tend to create the appearance of bias.

Question 9

Stephen Coleman | Conflict of Interest and Police: An Unavoidable Problem
Coleman states that conflicts of interest arise when we must exercise judgment on behalf of another individual. Any sense of loyalty that influences our judgment can compromise our ability to be fair. Coleman discusses what kinds of conflicts of interest arise for police officers and what kinds of problems they lead to, and he offers methods for dealing with them. He concludes that what is unique to police is that they often face unavoidable conflicts of interest while still being duty-bound to curtail the rights of others.
-The appearance of bias is a significant problem only for those in positions of

Accepted Answer

The appearance of bias is a significant problem for those in positions of public trust, such as police officers, because they are expected to act impartially and in the public's best interest.

Question 10

Stephen Coleman | Conflict of Interest and Police: An Unavoidable Problem
Coleman states that conflicts of interest arise when we must exercise judgment on behalf of another individual. Any sense of loyalty that influences our judgment can compromise our ability to be fair. Coleman discusses what kinds of conflicts of interest arise for police officers and what kinds of problems they lead to, and he offers methods for dealing with them. He concludes that what is unique to police is that they often face unavoidable conflicts of interest while still being duty-bound to curtail the rights of others.
-Coleman suggests the following method of dealing with a conflict of interest.

Accepted Answer

Coleman suggests that dealing with conflicts of interest involves declaring, removing, or avoiding them, indicating that all options are methods he proposes.

Question 11

Stephen Coleman | Conflict of Interest and Police: An Unavoidable Problem
Coleman states that conflicts of interest arise when we must exercise judgment on behalf of another individual. Any sense of loyalty that influences our judgment can compromise our ability to be fair. Coleman discusses what kinds of conflicts of interest arise for police officers and what kinds of problems they lead to, and he offers methods for dealing with them. He concludes that what is unique to police is that they often face unavoidable conflicts of interest while still being duty-bound to curtail the rights of others.
-While judges can avoid potential conflicts of interest ahead of time, police are generally ___________ incidents with potential conflicts of interest.

Accepted Answer

Police officers often encounter situations with potential conflicts of interest that they cannot control or avoid, unlike judges who can avoid such conflicts ahead of time.

Question 12

Stephen Coleman | Conflict of Interest and Police: An Unavoidable Problem
Coleman states that conflicts of interest arise when we must exercise judgment on behalf of another individual. Any sense of loyalty that influences our judgment can compromise our ability to be fair. Coleman discusses what kinds of conflicts of interest arise for police officers and what kinds of problems they lead to, and he offers methods for dealing with them. He concludes that what is unique to police is that they often face unavoidable conflicts of interest while still being duty-bound to curtail the rights of others.
-Coleman states that the only other professionals who are likely to be faced with a duty to cause physical harm to other people are

Accepted Answer

Coleman suggests that both members of the military and prison officers, like police, may have duties that involve causing physical harm to others, making them similar in facing unavoidable conflicts of interest.

Question 13

Stephen Coleman | Conflict of Interest and Police: An Unavoidable Problem
Coleman states that conflicts of interest arise when we must exercise judgment on behalf of another individual. Any sense of loyalty that influences our judgment can compromise our ability to be fair. Coleman discusses what kinds of conflicts of interest arise for police officers and what kinds of problems they lead to, and he offers methods for dealing with them. He concludes that what is unique to police is that they often face unavoidable conflicts of interest while still being duty-bound to curtail the rights of others.
-According to Coleman, no professionals other than police, whose duty includes the infringement of the rights of others, face ___________ conflicts of interest.

Accepted Answer

Coleman argues that police officers face unavoidable conflicts of interest due to their duty to curtail the rights of others, which is unique compared to other professions.

Question 14

Stephen Coleman | Conflict of Interest and Police: An Unavoidable Problem
Coleman states that conflicts of interest arise when we must exercise judgment on behalf of another individual. Any sense of loyalty that influences our judgment can compromise our ability to be fair. Coleman discusses what kinds of conflicts of interest arise for police officers and what kinds of problems they lead to, and he offers methods for dealing with them. He concludes that what is unique to police is that they often face unavoidable conflicts of interest while still being duty-bound to curtail the rights of others.
-If people are required as part of their duty to invade the rights of others, then conflicts of interest that arise in that duty will be

Accepted Answer

Conflicts of interest in police work are extremely important because they can affect the fairness and impartiality required when officers exercise their duty, which often involves curtailing the rights of others.

Question 15

Coleman suggests that a police officer confronting a conflict of interest could hand over the primary role in an investigation to a partner or delay judgment until a supervisor could be involved. Can you think of ways in which these actions might not resolve the potential conflict of interest? What would happen in a case of corruption internal to the police force? Provide examples to illustrate your point.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Coleman suggests that a police officer confronting...

Question 16

Consider Coleman's final point that "no other professionals who face unavoidable conflicts of interest will be duty-bound to curtail others' rights" in the light of current shootings of unarmed African-American men by police officers. Do the criteria offered by Coleman for dealing with conflicts of interest (declare/remove/avoid) address any real bias, or even the appearance of bias, in these cases? Why or why not? Explain your answer.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Consider Coleman's final point that "no other...

Question 17

Daniel S. Goldberg | Concussions, Professional Sports, and Conflicts of Interest: Why the National Football League's Current Policies are Bad for Its (Players') Health
Goldberg examines the problem of concussions suffered by NFL players from both a policy and case-based level. He looks at the history of employer-based occupational health as a precursor to the less than optimal responses to injury by the NFL, setting the stage for the current heated debates on the delivery of health care to players with concussions. He concludes with proactive ethical recommendations for future NFL health-care providers that aim to avoid today's conflicts of interest within the sport.
-The NFL, unlike other sports that subject participants to heightened risks of traumatic brain injury (TBI), is ___________ by laws intended to minimize the risk of injury.

Accepted Answer

The NFL is not regulated by laws intended to minimize the risk of injury, which contributes to the ongoing issues with player health and safety.

Question 18

Daniel S. Goldberg | Concussions, Professional Sports, and Conflicts of Interest: Why the National Football League's Current Policies are Bad for Its (Players') Health
Goldberg examines the problem of concussions suffered by NFL players from both a policy and case-based level. He looks at the history of employer-based occupational health as a precursor to the less than optimal responses to injury by the NFL, setting the stage for the current heated debates on the delivery of health care to players with concussions. He concludes with proactive ethical recommendations for future NFL health-care providers that aim to avoid today's conflicts of interest within the sport.
-While ___________ as provided by the railroad and mining industries a century ago are rare today, such a model continues to be employed in the NFL.

Accepted Answer

The NFL employs a model of direct medical services, similar to the employer-based occupational health services provided by industries like railroads and mining in the past.

Question 19

Daniel S. Goldberg | Concussions, Professional Sports, and Conflicts of Interest: Why the National Football League's Current Policies are Bad for Its (Players') Health
Goldberg examines the problem of concussions suffered by NFL players from both a policy and case-based level. He looks at the history of employer-based occupational health as a precursor to the less than optimal responses to injury by the NFL, setting the stage for the current heated debates on the delivery of health care to players with concussions. He concludes with proactive ethical recommendations for future NFL health-care providers that aim to avoid today's conflicts of interest within the sport.
-___________ results when physicians are paid by employers to treat a captive work force, according to Goldberg.

Accepted Answer

Goldberg argues that when physicians are paid by employers to treat a captive workforce, it often leads to suboptimal health care due to conflicts of interest.

Question 20

Daniel S. Goldberg | Concussions, Professional Sports, and Conflicts of Interest: Why the National Football League's Current Policies are Bad for Its (Players') Health
Goldberg examines the problem of concussions suffered by NFL players from both a policy and case-based level. He looks at the history of employer-based occupational health as a precursor to the less than optimal responses to injury by the NFL, setting the stage for the current heated debates on the delivery of health care to players with concussions. He concludes with proactive ethical recommendations for future NFL health-care providers that aim to avoid today's conflicts of interest within the sport.
-___________ is a significant complicating factor in the discourse regarding concussions and long-term neuropathology.

Accepted Answer

Clinical uncertainty is a significant complicating factor in the discourse regarding concussions and long-term neuropathology, as it makes it difficult to establish clear guidelines and policies.

Quiz 8: Conflicts of Interest and Government Regulation

Describe the differences between what Bellow terms Old and New Nepotism and how each developed within their contemporary cultural frameworks. Do you think Bellow is arguing in favor of New Nepotism? Why or why not?