Question 1

The _______ model rejects the notion that internal mental processes such as thoughts and feelings are important in learning.
A) cognitive
B) emotive
C) behavioral
D) observational

Accepted Answer

The behavioral model focuses on observable behaviors and external stimuli, rejecting the importance of internal mental processes like thoughts and feelings in learning.

Question 2

According to the behavioral learning approach,
A) learning is a process of mental activity and deliberation.
B) a behavior is learned when we watch what other people do.
C) information processing relies entirely on mental processes.
D) learning happens without any complex thoughts or processes.

Accepted Answer

The behavioral learning approach emphasizes that learning is a result of direct interaction with the environment and is often seen as a change in behavior due to conditioning, without involving complex mental processes.

Question 3

The _______ view of learning proposes that a consumer's previous experiences with a stimulus will result in automatic responses the next time the consumer encounters that stimulus.
A) emotive
B) observational
C) behavioral
D) cognitive

Accepted Answer

The behavioral view of learning suggests that learning is a result of conditioning, where past experiences with a stimulus lead to automatic responses when the stimulus is encountered again.

Question 4

In behavioral learning, consumers typically
A) search for information.
B) make automatic decisions.
C) check consumer reviews.
D) weigh a product's attributes.

Accepted Answer

In behavioral learning, consumers often make automatic decisions based on past experiences and learned behaviors, rather than actively searching for information or weighing product attributes.

Question 5

In cognitive learning, consumers typically
A) make automatic decisions.
B) reject past product assessments.
C) remain impartial or impulsive.
D) search for and evaluate information.

Accepted Answer

In cognitive learning, consumers actively search for and evaluate information to make informed decisions.

Question 6

Which of the following provides an example of classical conditioning?
A) An individual learns a connection between two stimuli that are paired with one another.
B) An individual decides to reduce their overall level of consumption.
C) An individual's behavior is changed through reinforcement that follows a desired response.
D) An individual learns by modeling the behaviors of those around them.

Accepted Answer

Classical conditioning involves learning a connection between two stimuli that are paired together, such as Pavlov's dogs learning to associate a bell with food.

Question 7

Which type of conditioning occurs when a connection is established between the neutral stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus?
A) Episodic
B) Higher-order
C) Operant
D) First-order

Accepted Answer

First-order conditioning occurs when a neutral stimulus is directly associated with an unconditioned stimulus, leading to a conditioned response.

Question 8

Which type of conditioning occurs when two conditioned stimuli are paired?
A) First-order
B) Episodic
C) Higher-order
D) Operant

Accepted Answer

Higher-order conditioning occurs when a conditioned stimulus is paired with a new neutral stimulus, turning the neutral stimulus into a second conditioned stimulus.

Question 9

What occurs when an individual can distinguish between two stimuli?
A) Operant conditioning
B) Stimulus discrimination
C) Positive reinforcement
D) Stimulus generalization

Accepted Answer

Stimulus discrimination occurs when an individual can distinguish between two stimuli, such as a red light and a green light.

Question 10

Which type of conditioning occurs when an individual's behavior is changed through reinforcement that follows a desired response?
A) Higher-order
B) Episodic
C) Operant
D) First-order

Accepted Answer

Operant conditioning involves changing an individual's behavior through reinforcement or punishment following a desired response.

Question 11

A fixed ratio schedule applies reinforcement after a(n)
A) known and specific timeframe.
B) unknown amount of time.
C) unknown number of responses.
D) specific number of responses.

Accepted Answer

A fixed ratio schedule provides reinforcement after a specific number of responses have been made.

Question 12

When consumer looks at a nutrition label and incorporates nutrition-related information into their decision-making process they are engaged in _______ learning.
A) cognitive
B) incidental
C) behavioral
D) observational

Accepted Answer

Cognitive learning involves actively processing and using information to make decisions, such as reading and understanding a nutrition label to make informed choices.

Question 13

Observational learning is also known as
A) positive reinforcement.
B) social learning theory.
C) higher-order conditioning.
D) stimulus discrimination.

Accepted Answer

Observational learning is also known as social learning theory, where individuals learn by observing and imitating others.

Question 14

According to observational leaning, behavior is learned
A) when an individual behaves in a certain way to avoid something unpleasant.
B) through previous experiences with a stimulus and memories of when the stimulus was encountered.
C) when a connection is established between the neutral stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus.
D) when we watch what other people do and the outcomes they receive.

Accepted Answer

Observational learning occurs when individuals learn by observing the actions of others and the consequences of those actions, rather than through direct experience.

Question 15

You are visiting a new city and do not know how to use a ticketing machine at a train station. You learn how to get your ticket by watching other people use the machine. This scenario is an example of _______ learning.
A) behavioral
B) incidental
C) observational
D) semantic

Accepted Answer

This scenario is an example of observational learning, where you learn by watching others and imitating their actions.

Question 16

The nonpurposeful acquisition of knowledge is called
A) incidental learning.
B) passing off.
C) observational learning.
D) classical conditioning.

Accepted Answer

Incidental learning refers to the unintentional or unplanned acquisition of knowledge, often occurring without the learner's conscious awareness.

Question 17

Which of the following is one of the most widely-used models in consumer behavior?
A) Variable ration schedules
B) Information processing
C) Classical conditioning
D) Negative reinforcement

Accepted Answer

Information processing is a widely-used model in consumer behavior as it explains how consumers gather, process, and store information for decision-making.

Question 18

Information processing provides details about the processes involved in information
A) passing off, conditioning, and chunking.
B) exposure, adaptation, and selection.
C) interpretation, storage, and retrieval.
D) stimulus, closure, and attention.

Accepted Answer

Information processing involves the interpretation, storage, and retrieval of information, which are key components in understanding how information is processed in the brain.

Question 19

What is the first stage in the information processing model?
A) Passing off
B) Knowledge
C) Exposure
D) Conditioning

Accepted Answer

The first stage in the information processing model is exposure, where an individual comes into contact with information.

Question 20

What is a choice criterion?
A) The systematic interpretation of new information
B) A reinforcement that is no longer motivating
C) The nonpurposeful acquisition of knowledge
D) A rule or a standard by which a decision will be made

Accepted Answer

A choice criterion is a rule or standard used to make a decision.

Quiz 5: Learning and Memory

The _______ model rejects the notion that internal mental processes such as thoughts and feelings are important in learning.

According to the behavioral learning approach,

The _______ view of learning proposes that a consumer's previous experiences with a stimulus will result in automatic responses the next time the consumer encounters that stimulus.

In behavioral learning, consumers typically

In cognitive learning, consumers typically

Which of the following provides an example of classical conditioning?

Which type of conditioning occurs when a connection is established between the neutral stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus?

Which type of conditioning occurs when two conditioned stimuli are paired?

What occurs when an individual can distinguish between two stimuli?

Which type of conditioning occurs when an individual's behavior is changed through reinforcement that follows a desired response?

A fixed ratio schedule applies reinforcement after a(n)

When consumer looks at a nutrition label and incorporates nutrition-related information into their decision-making process they are engaged in _______ learning.

Observational learning is also known as

According to observational leaning, behavior is learned

You are visiting a new city and do not know how to use a ticketing machine at a train station. You learn how to get your ticket by watching other people use the machine. This scenario is an example of _______ learning.

The nonpurposeful acquisition of knowledge is called

Which of the following is one of the most widely-used models in consumer behavior?

Information processing provides details about the processes involved in information

What is the first stage in the information processing model?

What is a choice criterion?