Question 1

Evaluate the merits and limits of parsimony,maximum likelihood,and Bayesian inference as tools for evaluating alternative phylogenies.

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Question 2

After correcting for the noted deletion in slots 62-64,it becomes clear that mutations in the ________ triplet have the most effects on changes in phenotype.

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Question 3

Complications in constructing phylogenetic trees due to reversals and convergent evolution are known collectively as ________.

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Question 4

Analysis of neutral mutation rates to answer interesting questions such as "When did humans begin to wear clothes?" relies on the ________ [two words] hypothesis,which states that molecular traits change at a steady rate.

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Question 5

Explain what parsimony is,and why it is preferred in constructing phylogenetic trees.

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Question 6

Biogeographers study the spatial distribution of living things,and how they came to be where they are.Explain,using examples,how phylogeography can be used to answer the questions of biogeographers.

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Question 7

Convergence and reversal are two complications that can interfere with accurate reconstruction of phylogenies.Describe each one,using examples,and explain the common strategies used to overcome them.

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Question 8

In the accompanying figure,the three "dashes" in the fourth row of nucleotides represent a(n)________ that was corrected for in this example of molecular data analysis.

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Question 9

________ evolution is the independent evolution of similar derived characters in different lineages.

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Question 10

Your textbook states that under optimal conditions,all of the methods discussed (parsimony,maximum likelihood,neighbor joining,and Bayesian inference reveal the true branching pattern of the phylogeny in question with accuracies approaching 100%.However,real phylogenies are rarely inferred under ideal circumstances.Explain,using examples,why this is so.

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The answer of Your textbook states that under optimal conditions,all...

Quiz 4: Estimating Evolutionary Trees