Question 1

What is Möbius syndrome?

Accepted Answer

Möbius syndrome is a rare congenital condition characterized by facial paralysis, which often results in an inability to smile or make other facial expressions due to underdevelopment of the facial nerves.

Question 2

Which of the following best describes the facial feedback hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

The facial feedback hypothesis suggests that the act of forming a facial expression can influence the emotional experience, making one feel the emotion associated with that expression.

Question 3

The study by Strack and colleagues (1998), in which participants held a pen in their teeth and rated the funniness of various cartoons, was designed to test which hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

The study by Strack and colleagues was designed to test the facial feedback hypothesis, which suggests that facial movements can influence emotional experiences.

Question 4

Which of the following emotions are often confused with each other in studies of recognition based on facial expression, posture, and nonverbal vocal expression?

Accepted Answer

Fear and surprise are often confused with each other because they can share similar facial expressions, such as wide eyes and open mouth, making it difficult to distinguish between the two based on nonverbal cues alone.

Question 5

Which of the following is the best definition of conceptual replication, as described in your textbook?

Accepted Answer

Conceptual replication involves testing the same hypothesis as a previous study but using different methods or procedures to see if the results are consistent.

Question 6

Which of the following effects of "power posing," reported in the original study by Carney, Cuddy, and Yap (2010), has been replicated in subsequent research?

Accepted Answer

Subsequent research has found that while the physiological effects (like changes in hormone levels) have not been consistently replicated, the subjective feeling of increased power has been more reliably observed.

Question 7

During the mid-twentieth century, it was widely accepted throughout the social sciences that emotional expressions are mostly the product of cultural learning.

Accepted Answer

During the mid-twentieth century, many social scientists believed that emotional expressions were primarily learned through cultural experiences, although this view has since evolved with more recognition of biological influences.

Question 8

The Facial Action Coding System assigns a numeric code to each combination of muscle movements associated with a particular emotion.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The Facial Action Coding System assigns a...

Question 9

Evidence from facial expressions of emotion indicates that there are exactly six basic/discrete emotions.

Accepted Answer

Research on facial expressions suggests there are more than six basic emotions, with some studies identifying additional emotions beyond the traditionally recognized six (happiness, sadness, anger, fear, surprise, and disgust).

Question 10

In the United States it is considered less acceptable to show negative emotions to acquaintances than to family and close friends; in Japan, the opposite is true.

Accepted Answer

In the United States, cultural norms often encourage expressing emotions more freely with close friends and family, while in Japan, maintaining harmony and avoiding conflict in social settings, even with acquaintances, is prioritized.

Question 11

Large-scale analyses of many studies indicate that people identify emotional expressions with somewhat greater accuracy when participant and poser are from the same culture, rather than different cultures.

Accepted Answer

Research shows that cultural familiarity enhances the ability to accurately interpret emotional expressions due to shared norms and non-verbal communication cues.

Question 12

Evidence indicates that all positive emotions include a strong Duchenne smile.

Accepted Answer

Not all positive emotions necessarily include a Duchenne smile, which involves both the mouth and eye muscles. Some positive emotions may be expressed with different types of smiles or facial expressions.

Question 13

In both Fiji and the United States, people tend to assume that a person displaying pride has high social status.

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that in both Fiji and the United States, expressions of pride are often associated with high social status, although cultural interpretations and expressions may vary.

Question 14

The rates at which people recognize the nonverbal expression of a given emotion tends to be consistent across the face, posture, voice, and touch.

Accepted Answer

Recognition rates for nonverbal expressions of emotion can vary across different channels like face, posture, voice, and touch, as each channel may convey different intensities or nuances of emotion.

Question 15

Evidence is strongly consistent with William James's theory that, if you are physically unable to produce an emotional expression, you will not feel that emotion.

Accepted Answer

William James's theory suggests that emotions are the result of physiological responses, but it does not claim that the inability to express emotions physically means one cannot feel them.

Question 16

Findings from the Strack, Martin, and Stepper (1988) study with the pen and cartoons suggested that facial expressions can cause changes in emotional feelings.

Accepted Answer

The study by Strack, Martin, and Stepper (1988) demonstrated that participants who held a pen in their teeth (facilitating a smile) found cartoons funnier than those who held a pen with their lips (inhibiting a smile), suggesting that facial expressions can influence emotional experiences.

Question 17

Describe one example of a "display rule" in your culture, not previously discussed in your textbook or in class.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe one example of a "display rule"...

Question 18

Explain why it has been important for researchers to study the nonverbal expression of emotions in many different cultures, including cultures that are relatively isolated from the modern world.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain why it has been important for...

Question 19

Summarize the results of Hilary Elfenbein and colleagues' (2007) study of emotion expression and recognition in Quebec, Canada and Gabon, Africa.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Summarize the results of Hilary Elfenbein and...

Question 20

Explain what the facial feedback hypothesis is, and describe the methods and results of one study that has been used to test this hypothesis.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain what the facial feedback hypothesis is,...

Quiz 5: Emotional Expression in the Face, Posture, and Voice