In a Classic Study (Seligman & Maier, 1967), Dogs Learned

In a classic study (Seligman & Maier, 1967) , dogs learned that a certain tone predicted a shock from the floor. At first, all dogs were harnessed in place and could not move. However, half of the dogs could stop the shock by pressing a panel with their noses ("press") ; the other half got the same number and duration of shocks, but could not stop them ("yoked") . Later, all dogs were freed from the harness, and could jump to another room to escape the shock when they heard the tone. The "press" dogs learned quickly to escape to the next room, but the "yoked" dogs never attempted to escape. Results of this study have been influential in researchers' understanding of .

A) panic disorder
B) depression
C) obsessive-compulsive disorder
D) specific phobia