Question 1

According to Piaget, children who know the world through their sensations and actions are in the ______ stage of cognitive development.

Accepted Answer

Piaget's sensorimotor stage is the first stage of cognitive development, according to his theory, where infants know the world primarily through their sensory impressions and motor activities.

Question 2

A child utilizes skills and abilities she was born with, such as looking, to learn more about the environment. According to Piaget, she is in which of the following stage of cognitive development?

Accepted Answer

The sensorimotor stage is the first of Piaget's stages of cognitive development, occurring from birth to about 2 years of age, where infants learn about the world through their senses and motor activities.

Question 3

Children can use inductive logic, but still struggle with abstract thinking. According to Piaget, which of the following stage of cognitive development are they in?

Accepted Answer

Children in the concrete operational stage can use inductive logic but struggle with abstract thinking, according to Piaget's theory of cognitive development. This stage typically occurs between the ages of 7 and 11.

Question 4

Piaget asked children to imagine where they would want to place a third eye if they had one. One child wanted to place it at the back of her head. Which of the following stage of cognitive development are they in?

Accepted Answer

The child's ability to think abstractly and consider hypothetical scenarios, such as placing a third eye at the back of the head for a practical reason, indicates they are in the formal operational stage.

Question 5

A child learns that A=B, and B=C but struggles to understand that A=C. According to Piaget, he/she is in which of the following stage of cognitive development?

Accepted Answer

The answer of A child learns that A=B, and B=C...

Question 6

"You scratch my back and I will scratch yours." This attitude reflects which moral development stage?

Accepted Answer

The instrumental-relativist orientation is characterized by the belief that the rightness or wrongness of an action depends on its consequences. In this case, the person is willing to do something for someone else only if they expect to receive something in return.

Question 7

A policeman refuses the money offered to him under the table and arrests the offender because he believes this is his duty as an officer of peace and order. According to Kohlberg, which of the following moral development stage is the policeman in?

Accepted Answer

The policeman is in the "law and order" orientation stage of Kohlberg's theory of moral development. This stage is characterized by a strong respect for authority and a duty to uphold laws, rules, and social conventions. The policeman's actions reflect a commitment to legal principles and the belief that laws should be obeyed for the good of society as a whole.

Question 8

A child gives away her lunch to a street peasant because she thinks doing so means being nice. According to Kohlberg, which of the following moral development stages is the child in?

Accepted Answer

The child is in the interpersonal concordance orientation stage, according to Kohlberg's theory of moral development. In this stage, individuals make moral decisions based on the desire to be seen as good by others and to maintain good relationships, rather than out of fear of punishment or for self-serving reasons. The child's action of giving away her lunch to be nice aligns with this stage's focus on living up to social expectations and being considered good by others.

Question 9

You act only according to moral rule and wish that it will become a universal law. According to Kohlberg, which of the following moral development stages are you in?

Accepted Answer

This behavior aligns with Kohlberg's stage of universal-ethical-principle orientation, where moral reasoning is based on abstract reasoning using universal ethical principles. Laws are valid only insofar as they are grounded in justice, and a commitment to justice carries with it an obligation to disobey unjust laws.

Question 10

People follow the law because they do NOT want to go to jail. According to Kohlberg, which of the following moral development stage are they in?

Accepted Answer

The answer of People follow the law because they do...

Question 11

At what age does the interaction of a child's various systems contribute to morally significant knowledge about empathy, sharing, and rule violations?

Accepted Answer

The answer of At what age does the interaction of...

Question 12

According to Gilligan, a(n) ______ perspective is concerned with caring and responsiveness to others, or a care ethic.

Accepted Answer

Gilligan proposed that a female perspective on ethics emphasizes caring and responsiveness to others, which she termed a "care ethic." This contrasts with a more justice-oriented perspective that she associated with male approaches to moral reasoning.

Question 13

In the ______ stage of Gilligan's theory of moral development, morality is based on caring for one's self and others.

Accepted Answer

In the third stage of Gilligan's theory of moral development, the focus is on the morality of caring and being responsible for others as well as oneself, emphasizing the importance of relationships and interconnectedness.

Question 14

In the ______ stage of Gilligan's theory, morality is based on meeting other people's needs.

Accepted Answer

In the second stage of Gilligan's theory of moral development, the focus is on the ethics of care, where morality is based on meeting others' needs and responding to their vulnerability. This stage emphasizes interpersonal relationships and the importance of caring for others.

Question 15

Which of the following is an accurate statement about Kohlberg's theory of moral development?

Accepted Answer

Kohlberg's theory of moral development has been criticized for centering on perspectives that are primarily White, male, and middle to upper class, as it was largely based on studies of boys and men from similar backgrounds. This has led to critiques about its applicability across different genders, cultures, and socioeconomic statuses.

Question 16

Which of the following statements best describes Kohlberg's work?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following statements best describes...

Question 17

Which of the following is an accurate statement about Gilligan's moral development theory?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is an accurate...

Question 18

Gilligan's first perspective can be described as ______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Gilligan's first perspective can be described as...

Question 19

When faced with an abortion dilemma, what would a woman most likely do if she followed Gilligan's first perspective?

Accepted Answer

The answer of When faced with an abortion dilemma, what...

Question 20

When speaking of care for self and others, Gilligan argued that ______ need to learn to balance care of self with care for others.

Accepted Answer

Gilligan's research focused on moral development and highlighted differences in the way men and women approach ethical dilemmas. She argued that women tend to emphasize care and responsibility in relationships, suggesting that both men and women need to balance care for themselves with care for others, challenging the male-centric views of moral development proposed by theorists like Kohlberg.

Quiz 13: Cognitive and Moral Development Theories