Question 1

An intentional behaviour that benefits another person is known as ______.

Accepted Answer

B

Question 2

Which of the following is a problem with the evolutionary explanation of helping behaviour?

Accepted Answer

The evolutionary explanation of helping behavior faces several problems: it doesn't account for why we help both friends and strangers (A), the process occurs over such a large timescale that direct observation is challenging (B), and it fails to consistently explain the variability in helping behavior towards relatives (C).

Question 3

The reciprocity principle suggests that we are ______.

Accepted Answer

The reciprocity principle in social psychology suggests that we are more likely to help those who we believe would help us in return, indicating a mutual exchange of benefits or favors.

Question 4

Bryan and Test (1967) demonstrated that those perceivers who had seen someone else helping were subsequently more likely to help. This experiment supports which view of helping behaviour?

Accepted Answer

The experiment by Bryan and Test (1967) supports the concept of modeling, where individuals learn behaviors by observing others. This experiment showed that observing someone help increases the likelihood of the observer helping in the future, illustrating the impact of social models on behavior.

Question 5

Modelling will only produce helping behaviour if ______.

Accepted Answer

Modelling will produce helping behavior under various conditions, not limited to the attractiveness of the victim, the just-world hypothesis conditions, or the outcome of initial helping behavior. These options are too specific and do not encompass all the scenarios where modeling can lead to helping behavior.

Question 6

Put the stages of Latané and Darley's model of helping behaviour in the correct order.

Accepted Answer

Latané and Darley's model of helping behavior involves first attending to the situation, then defining it as an emergency, accepting personal responsibility, and finally deciding how to help.

Question 7

Darley and Latané's (1969) experiment demonstrated that less people went to help the participant who was apparently having a seizure when they were led to believe that they were part of a larger group. This is explained by ______.

Accepted Answer

Darley and Latané's experiment is a classic example of the diffusion of responsibility phenomenon, where individuals in a group are less likely to take action in an emergency situation because they believe someone else will.

Question 8

The bystander calculus model of Pilliavin and colleagues considers the ______ that is elicited by an emergency.

Accepted Answer

The bystander calculus model suggests that physiological arousal is elicited by an emergency, which then influences the decision-making process of whether to help or not.

Question 9

The greater the ______ costs the less likely it is that a bystander will help.

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is C) personal. This is because the greater the personal costs (time, effort, risk of harm, etc.) to the bystander, the less likely they are to intervene and help. This concept is related to the bystander effect, where individuals are less likely to offer help to a victim when other people are present, partly due to a diffusion of responsibility and the evaluation of personal costs involved in helping.

Question 10

People with an ______ locus of control feel that they have ______ control over events and are more likely to help as a result.

Accepted Answer

People with an internal locus of control believe they have more control over events in their lives, making them more likely to take action, such as helping others, because they feel their actions can make a difference.

Question 11

A leader is more likely to help because ______.

Accepted Answer

Leaders often feel a heightened sense of personal responsibility, which can drive them to take action in situations where help is needed. This contrasts with the diffusion of responsibility, which is more likely to occur in groups where no clear leader is present, leading individuals to assume someone else will take action. The assumption that leaders will automatically know what to do is not necessarily true; their actions are more about feeling responsible rather than possessing innate knowledge of what to do in every situation.

Question 12

The image reparation hypothesis suggests that ______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The image reparation hypothesis suggests that ______.
...

Question 13

The theory that information congruent with our own mood is more accessible is known as the ______.

Accepted Answer

The affect-priming model suggests that our current mood influences the accessibility of information congruent with that mood, making it easier to recall or process information that matches how we feel.

Question 14

People who are more attractive are ______.

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that people who are perceived as more attractive are more likely to receive help due to positive biases and favorable treatment associated with attractiveness.

Question 15

The threat to self-esteem model states that recipients will respond positively to help if ______.

Accepted Answer

The threat to self-esteem model suggests that recipients will respond positively to help if they feel supported, as this approach minimizes the potential threat to their self-esteem that accepting help might otherwise entail.

Question 16

Acts where people voluntarily and intentionally behave in a way that they believe will benefit others is known as ______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Acts where people voluntarily and intentionally behave...

Question 17

The evolutionary approach can explain why we help ______.

Accepted Answer

The evolutionary approach suggests that we are more likely to help family due to kin selection, which increases the chances of our genes being passed on.

Question 18

The reciprocity principle and social responsibility norm are both normative beliefs that may explain why we have a tendency to help others, however, they differ in that:

Accepted Answer

The reciprocity principle suggests we help those who have helped us, while the social responsibility norm suggests we help those in need, regardless of whether they have helped us.

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a normative belief that can provide an explanation for why we have a tendency to help others?

Accepted Answer

Kin selection is a biological explanation, not a normative belief.

Question 20

The social learning explanation for helping behaviour is supported by the finding that ______.

Accepted Answer

Social learning theory suggests that behaviors, including helping behaviors, can be learned through observing and imitating the actions of others. The finding that perceivers who had seen someone else helping were subsequently more likely to help supports this theory, as it demonstrates the influence of observational learning on helping behavior.

Quiz 11: Prosocial Behaviour