Question 1

A social link formed between two or more individuals is known as a(n) ______.

Accepted Answer

A social link formed between two or more individuals is known as an affiliation.

Question 2

The dialectic principle involves ______.

Accepted Answer

B

Question 3

Brain imaging studies conducted by Johnson and colleagues (1999) show that introverts are higher in arousability, the degree to which stimulation typically produces arousal of the central nervous system, than extroverts. This study has been used to argue that ______.

Accepted Answer

The study by Johnson and colleagues (1999) indicating that introverts have higher arousability suggests that introverts might avoid social interactions to keep arousal levels comfortable (B), while extroverts might seek social interactions to increase their arousal levels (C). This implies individual differences in the need for affiliation (A), making all of these statements (D) correct interpretations of the study's implications.

Question 4

People who are highly socially anxious are more attentive to faces with ______.

Accepted Answer

People who are highly socially anxious tend to be more attentive to negative facial expressions, as these expressions can signal disapproval or potential social threats, which are particularly salient to their concerns.

Question 5

The theory that proposes that emotional experience is based on two factors, physiological arousal and a search for cues in the social environment, which might explain why arousal is known as the ______.

Accepted Answer

The two-factor theory of emotion, proposed by Schachter and Singer, suggests that emotion is based on two factors: physiological arousal and cognitive interpretation of that arousal, where individuals search for cues in the environment to explain why they feel aroused.

Question 6

Internal attributions for loneliness are more likely to lead to ______.

Accepted Answer

Internal attributions for loneliness, such as blaming oneself for being alone, can lead to a cycle of negative thoughts and feelings that exacerbate and prolong the experience of loneliness, potentially leading to chronic loneliness.

Question 7

Men tend to prefer women with a small waist to hip ratio. This may be because ______.

Accepted Answer

A small waist-to-hip ratio is often associated with youthfulness, health, and fertility, which can be factors in physical attraction. This preference has been studied in the context of evolutionary psychology, where physical traits that could indicate potential for healthy offspring are considered attractive.

Question 8

People prefer faces based on their maturity. Female faces are preferred if they are ______ mature, and male faces are preferred if they are ______ mature.

Accepted Answer

Female faces are generally preferred when they exhibit neotenous (youthful) features, indicating less maturity. In contrast, male faces are often preferred when they show signs of maturity, suggesting more maturity. This preference is thought to be linked to evolutionary factors related to reproductive fitness.

Question 9

People who are more attractive are perceived to be ______.

Accepted Answer

Attractive individuals are often perceived to be more intelligent due to a cognitive bias known as the "halo effect," where one positive characteristic of a person influences others to see them more positively in other aspects.

Question 10

Attraction is predicted by ______.

Accepted Answer

Attraction can be influenced by a variety of factors including similarity to oneself, similarity of attitudes, and complementarity. People are often drawn to others who are similar to them in various ways, share similar attitudes or beliefs, and complement their traits or characteristics.

Question 11

Which of the following theories provides an explanation for why similarity predicts attraction?

Accepted Answer

Balance theory explains why similarity predicts attraction by suggesting that people prefer relationships that are psychologically balanced, where liking and attitudes are symmetrically aligned.

Question 12

The idea that the social perceiver will like people who like them and dislike people who dislike them is known as the ______.

Accepted Answer

The reciprocity principle explains the tendency of individuals to reciprocate feelings and attitudes, meaning we tend to like those who show that they like us and dislike those who show dislike towards us.

Question 13

Grush and colleagues (1978) have demonstrated the powerful effects of familiarity. They found that in 83% of cases, the successful candidate in the 1972 congressional primaries in the United States could be predicted by the amount of media exposure they received. This demonstrates which of the following theories or effects?

Accepted Answer

Grush and colleagues' findings support the mere exposure effect, which suggests that people tend to develop a preference for things merely because they are familiar with them. In this case, the candidates who received more media exposure were more likely to be successful, likely because voters became more familiar with them.

Question 14

Generalised anxiety may cause the perceiver to ______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Generalised anxiety may cause the perceiver to...

Question 15

The idea that youth and beauty are more important determinants of attractiveness in women than status whereas status and power are more important attributes in men is known as ______.

Accepted Answer

This concept is known as the "looks for status exchange," which suggests that in heterosexual relationships, women's physical attractiveness is often exchanged for men's status and resources.

Question 16

The term that describes a social link formed between two or more individuals is ______.

Accepted Answer

Affiliation refers to a social connection or association formed between individuals or groups. It encompasses the sense of belonging or being associated with others.

Question 17

The evolutionary approach suggests that our tendency to form close relationships ______.

Accepted Answer

The evolutionary approach posits that many human behaviors, including the tendency to form close relationships, have developed because they offer survival and reproductive advantages. This perspective suggests that forming close bonds with others has been beneficial for the survival of our species, aiding in protection, resource sharing, and ensuring the care and survival of offspring.

Question 18

The idea that our desire for privacy can vary from being open to others or closed off to others is known as ______.

Accepted Answer

The dialectic principle explains the balance between the desire to share personal information (being open) and the desire to keep personal information private (being closed off), highlighting the dynamic nature of our privacy needs.

Question 19

The process by which people control their level of contact with others in order to keep it stable and as close as possible to the desired level is known as ______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The process by which people control their...

Question 20

Which of the following has been identified as a main factor related to loneliness?

Accepted Answer

All of these factors—personality traits, social circumstances, and social-cognitive tendencies—have been identified as contributing to loneliness.

Quiz 12: Affiliation and Attraction