Question 1

Which of the following statement is true concerning the use of b-adrenergic blocking agents for the treatment of angina pectoris?

Accepted Answer

β-adrenergic blocking agents reduce the myocardial oxygen demand by decreasing the heart rate, myocardial contractility, and blood pressure. They are effective in reducing exercise-induced and stress-induced anginal episodes. Adverse effects may include bradycardia, hypotension, fatigue, and depression.

Question 2

Which of the following agents can worsen asthma?

Accepted Answer

Propranolol is a beta-blocker that can worsen asthma symptoms by constricting the airways. Calcium channel blockers, ACEIs, and anticholinergics are not typically associated with worsening asthma.

Question 3

Before administering nitroglycerine (NTG), the dental team should make sure that the patient has not used a _____ within the past 24 hours.

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is B. PDE5 inhibitors, such as sildenafil and tadalafil, are contraindicated with NTG because they both lower blood pressure and can cause a significant drop in blood pressure when used in combination with NTG, which also lowers blood pressure. This can lead to serious cardiac events such as myocardial infarction or syncope. Therefore, patients should avoid using PDE5 inhibitors within 24 hours of taking NTG. Phenothiazines, ranolazine, and guanethidine are not contraindicated with NTG use.

Question 4

Which of the following statements is true regarding hypertension?

Accepted Answer

Hypertension can occur independently of stress or tension, and smoking significantly increases the risk of complications associated with hypertension.

Question 5

Which diuretic acts at the ascending loop of Henle of the kidney nephron to cause rapid diuresis?

Accepted Answer

Furosemide is a loop diuretic that acts at the ascending loop of Henle to block the sodium-potassium-chloride cotransporter, leading to increased excretion of sodium, potassium, and water. This results in a rapid and potent diuresis.

Question 6

Common adverse reactions associated with thiazides include:

Accepted Answer

Thiazides can cause hypokalemia, which is a decrease in potassium levels, and hyperuricemia, which is an increase in uric acid levels. These adverse reactions can be problematic for patients who are at risk of developing gout or those who have a history of electrolyte imbalances. Hyperkalemia, an increase in potassium levels, is not commonly associated with thiazide use.

Question 7

Essential hypertension is:

Accepted Answer

Essential hypertension, also known as primary hypertension, is high blood pressure that has no identifiable cause or underlying medical condition.

Question 8

β-Adrenergic blockers lower blood pressure primarily by:

Accepted Answer

b-Adrenergic blockers lower blood pressure primarily by decreasing cardiac output.Other effects that may contribute to their antihypertensive effect include a lowering of plasma renin levels,a reduction in plasma volume and venous return,a decrease in sympathetic outflow from the central nervous system (CNS),and a reduction in peripheral resistance.

Question 9

Which of the following groups of diuretics are called the "puny" diuretics?

Accepted Answer

Potassium-sparing diuretics are often referred to as "puny" diuretics because they are less potent compared to thiazide and loop diuretics.

Question 10

Approximately _____% of people with hypertension are properly treated.

Accepted Answer

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, approximately 50% of people with hypertension in the United States are properly treated.

Question 11

Eating bananas when taking thiazide diuretics will:

Accepted Answer

Thiazide diuretics can cause potassium depletion, and bananas are a good source of potassium.

Question 12

Which of the following is the most common cardiovascular disease?

Accepted Answer

Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is the most common cardiovascular disease. It affects approximately one in three adults in the United States and can lead to other serious health problems such as heart attack and stroke.

Question 13

Which of the following is the most important dental drug interaction with the thiazide diuretics?

Accepted Answer

Thiazide diuretics can increase serum calcium levels, which can lead to hypercalcemia and increase the risk of dental complications such as gum disease and tooth decay. NSAIDs can also increase serum calcium levels, so their use in combination with thiazide diuretics can further increase the risk of dental complications. Aspirin and penicillin do not have a significant impact on serum calcium levels. Chlorhexidine is not a drug interaction with thiazide diuretics, but rather a mouthwash used for oral hygiene.

Question 14

Which of the following is a β-adrenergic blocking drug that also has a-receptor blocking activity?

Accepted Answer

Labetalol is a non-selective β-blocker that also has α-blocking activity, making it useful for the treatment of hypertension. Atenolol is a β1-selective blocker, doxazosin is an α1-selective blocker, and minoxidil is a vasodilator.

Question 15

Nonselective b-blockers can have a drug interaction with epinephrine, causing a two- to fourfold increase in vasopressor response. A gingival retraction cord containing epinephrine may be used, however.

Accepted Answer

Nonselective b-blockers can indeed cause a drug interaction with epinephrine and increase the vasopressor response, which can be problematic in some patients. However, the second statement about using a gingival retraction cord containing epinephrine is still true and can be a viable option in some cases.

Question 16

Which β-adrenergic blocking agent has partial agonist activity and causes some b-stimulation while blocking catecholamine action?

Accepted Answer

Acebutolol is a β-blocker with partial agonist activity, which means it causes some β-stimulation while blocking catecholamine action. The other options (atenolol, metoprolol, carvedilol) are β-blockers without partial agonist activity.

Question 17

_____ should not be given to persons taking potassium supplements because hyperkalemia will occur.

Accepted Answer

ACEIs can cause hyperkalemia,and potassium supplements and potassium-sparing diuretics should not be used with these drugs.ACEIs should not be given to persons taking potassium supplements.Patients taking potassium supplements should be questioned about their use of diuretics,and the possibility of cardiovascular disease should be explored when a drug history is taken.

Question 18

According to The Joint National Committee on the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Pressure 2013 guidelines hypertension for individuals over the age of 60 without diabetes or chronic kidney disease is greater than or equal to _____ mm Hg.

Accepted Answer

The 2013 guidelines recommend a blood pressure target of less than 150/90 mm Hg for individuals over the age of 60 without diabetes or chronic kidney disease.

Question 19

If the _____ tablet of sublingual nitroglycerin (NTG)does not stop the anginal attack, the patient should be taken to the emergency room.

Accepted Answer

The recommended dose of sublingual nitroglycerin for acute angina is one tablet under the tongue. If the angina symptoms persist after 5 minutes, a second tablet may be taken. If the symptoms still do not subside after a total of 3 tablets, the patient should seek emergency medical attention. Therefore, the correct choice is third.

Question 20

β₁-Receptor stimulation is associated with:

Accepted Answer

β₁-receptor stimulation leads to an increase in cardiac contractility. Option A is incorrect because β₂-receptor stimulation causes vasodilation in skeletal muscles. Option B is incorrect because β₂-receptor stimulation causes bronchodilation in pulmonary tissues. Option C is incorrect because β₁-receptor stimulation leads to an increase in heart rate, not a decrease.

Quiz 14: Drugs for the Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease