Question 1

Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs)end with the suffix:

Accepted Answer

The suffix "artan" is used for angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs). Option A (-olol) is used for beta-blockers, option B (-dipine) is used for calcium channel blockers, and option C (-pril) is used for ACE inhibitors.

Question 2

Patients taking antihypertensive agents who have been supine for some time should be slowly raised from that position. They should dangle their legs over the side of the chair and wiggle them before rising to the standing position.

Accepted Answer

Raising patients slowly and having them dangle their legs helps prevent orthostatic hypotension, a common issue with antihypertensive medications.

Question 3

Which of the following statements is true of ezetimibe?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following statements is true...

Question 4

Severe hypotension and reflex tachycardia are caused by combination of sympathomimetics, such as epinephrine, with which antihypertensive agent class?

Accepted Answer

Sympathomimetics such as epinephrine stimulate the sympathetic nervous system, causing vasoconstriction and an increase in heart rate. When combined with α1-adrenergic blocking agents, which block the effects of noradrenaline, the vasodilatory effects of the blocker can result in severe hypotension. In response, the body compensates by increasing heart rate, leading to reflex tachycardia. Calcium channel blockers, ARBs, and potassium-sparing diuretics do not interact with sympathomimetics in this way.

Question 5

Many _____ end in the suffix -pril.

Accepted Answer

Many angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) end in the suffix -pril, such as enalapril, lisinopril, and captopril.

Question 6

Which of the following statements is true concerning hyperlipidemia and cholesterol?

Accepted Answer

Option A is correct, as hyperlipidemia refers to elevated levels of lipids, including cholesterol and triglycerides, and is a major risk factor for developing atherosclerosis. Option B is also correct, as HDL is known as "good cholesterol" because it helps remove excess cholesterol from the bloodstream and transport it to the liver for processing. Therefore, option D, stating both options A and B are correct, is the best choice. Option C is incorrect, as foam cells are not actually filled with lipid but rather are macrophages that have absorbed cholesterol and become trapped within the arterial wall during the development of atherosclerosis.

Question 7

Which agent is most likely to cause xerostomia?

Accepted Answer

The incidence of xerostomia is highest with clonidine.The oral effects of clonidine include a high incidence of xerostomia (40%),parotid gland swelling,and pain.Another side effect is dysgeusia.Losartan,enalapril,and atenolol are not known to cause excessive xerostomia.

Question 8

A serious lupus-like reaction is associated with which cardiovascular drug?

Accepted Answer

A serious lupus-like reaction is associated with hydralazine. It can cause symptoms resembling systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), including fever, arthritis, rash, and kidney problems. This adverse reaction is more common in slow acetylators.  Clonidine, isosorbide dinitrate, and spironolactone are not associated with lupus-like reactions.

Question 9

When a physician finds out that his female patient wishes to start a family, he decides to change her cholesterol-lowering medication. He changes her medication from:

Accepted Answer

Correct: Of the drugs used to treat hyperlipidemia, the statins are very effective, but have a pregnancy factor X. Women wishing to conceive should not take statins.
Incorrect choices: A medication change to any statin would be contraindicated in women wishing to conceive. Gemfibrozil and niacin have a pregnancy risk factor C. Candesartan is not used to treat hyperlipidemia.

Question 10

All of the following effects are characteristic of channel-blocking agents except which one?

Accepted Answer

The answer of All of the following effects are characteristic...

Question 11

Which of the following categories of antihypertensive agents end in the suffix -dipine?

Accepted Answer

Antihypertensive agents which end in the suffix -dipine are calcium channel blockers, which include drugs such as amlodipine, nifedipine, and felodipine.

Question 12

Treatment with all of the following agents is associated with development of gingival hypertrophy except which one?

Accepted Answer

Clonidine is not associated with gingival hypertrophy. Verapamil, Phenytoin, and Felodipine can cause gingival overgrowth.

Question 13

Which of the following categories of agents may be used to treat both hypertension and benign prostatic hypertrophy?

Accepted Answer

α1-Adrenergic blocking agents such as doxazosin and terazosin can be used to treat both hypertension and benign prostatic hypertrophy by relaxing smooth muscle in the prostate and blood vessels.

Question 14

The newest guidelines from the ACC/AHA recommend using HMG-coA reductase inhibitors (statins)as the drugs of first choice for treating patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease based on:

Accepted Answer

The ACC/AHA guidelines recommend using statins as the drugs of first choice for treating atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease based on the patient's estimated 10-year risk of developing the disease. The guidelines do not recommend using statins based solely on total cholesterol or LDL levels or poor lifestyle factors.

Question 15

Which agent reduces serum cholesterol by increasing its utilization for bile acid synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Cholestyramine works by binding with bile acids in the intestine, which leads to increased excretion of bile acids in feces. This then promotes the synthesis of new bile acids from cholesterol in the liver, thus reducing the serum cholesterol levels.

Question 16

Which of the following is the first choice of therapy for most patients with atherosclerotic heart disease and elevated cholesterol levels?

Accepted Answer

3-Hydroxy-3- methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors, also known as statins, are the first choice of therapy for most patients with atherosclerotic heart disease and elevated cholesterol levels. They have been shown to significantly reduce the risk of major cardiovascular events such as heart attack and stroke. Fenofibrate, niacin, cholestipol, and omega-3 fish oil may also be used as adjunct therapies in certain cases, but are not typically the first choice.

Question 17

NSAIDs can antagonize the effects of which of the following antihypertensive medications?

Accepted Answer

NSAIDs can antagonize the effects of ACEIs, leading to reduced antihypertensive efficacy and potential worsening of hypertension. This interaction is due to the fact that both ACEIs and NSAIDs inhibit the production of prostaglandins, which are involved in vascular homeostasis and blood pressure regulation. Thus, concomitant use of these medications can result in increased sodium and water retention, decreased glomerular filtration rate, and decreased renal blood flow, all of which can undermine the therapeutic effects of ACEIs.

Question 18

Which of the following agents is an a₁-adrenergic receptor antagonist?

Accepted Answer

Terazosin is an a₁-adrenergic receptor antagonist commonly used to treat hypertension and benign prostatic hyperplasia. Amlodipine is a calcium channel blocker, benazepril is an ACE inhibitor, candesartan is an angiotensin receptor blocker, and atenolol is a beta-blocker.

Question 19

Which class of agents is of special benefit to diabetics?

Accepted Answer

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) have been shown to provide special benefit to diabetics by reducing the risk of kidney disease and slowing progression of diabetic nephropathy. They also have cardiovascular benefits and can help control blood pressure. β-Adrenergic blockers may actually worsen glycemic control, while anticholinergics have no specific benefit for diabetics. Calcium channel blockers can be used in some cases but do not offer the same nephroprotective effects as ACEIs.

Question 20

Niacin works by:

Accepted Answer

Niacin inhibits the secretion of very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs) without accumulation of triglycerides in the liver, which leads to a decrease in plasma triglyceride levels and an increase in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels. It does not inhibit HMG-CoA reductase or the intestinal absorption of cholesterol, nor does it affect lipolysis in adipose tissue.

Quiz 14: Drugs for the Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease

Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) end with the suffix: