Question 1

______ is based on the premise that the avenues of influence afforded by the Constitution, the law, and practice give ______ their own opportunities to shape foreign policy.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ______ is based on the premise that...

Question 2

Which of the following strains sometimes satisfies no group completely and contains inherent contradictions?

Accepted Answer

Constructive compromise often involves making concessions that may not fully satisfy any single group involved, leading to inherent contradictions as it tries to balance differing interests.

Question 3

According to the authors, since Vietnam, the conditions and incentives for interbranch politics have ______.

Accepted Answer

Since Vietnam, the conditions and incentives for interbranch politics have substantially increased, reflecting changes in the political landscape and the dynamics between branches of government.

Question 4

The nature and extent of ______ is highly conditional on public opinion, the nature of the policy process, converging or diverging policy preferences, etc.

Accepted Answer

Interbranch politics are significantly influenced by public opinion, the nature of the policy process, and the convergence or divergence of policy preferences, as these factors affect how different branches of government interact and collaborate on policy-making.

Question 5

In general, members of Congress have ______.

Accepted Answer

After the Cold War, Congress has been less deferential to the White House in foreign policy, asserting more influence and oversight.

Question 6

______ is likely to be rare for the life of a policy.

Accepted Answer

Congressional leadership is likely to be rare for the life of a policy because Congress often changes its composition and priorities with each election cycle, making sustained leadership on specific policies less common.

Question 7

______ can force policy adjustments, stalemate, and wider institutional action.

Accepted Answer

Congress has the power to enact, amend, or repeal laws, which can force policy adjustments, create stalemates, or prompt wider institutional actions.

Question 8

Which of the following types of leadership is most common when the attention of the other two leaderships is the least?

Accepted Answer

Bureaucratic leadership is most common when congressional and White House leadership are less focused, as it involves the routine functioning of government agencies and departments.

Question 9

Incrementalism and fragmentation are classic characteristics of ______.

Accepted Answer

Incrementalism and fragmentation are often associated with bureaucratic leadership, where decisions are made through small, gradual changes and where different parts of the bureaucracy may work independently, leading to fragmented approaches.

Question 10

Which of the following is an example of a policy instrument?

Accepted Answer

Diplomacy is a policy instrument used by states and international organizations to negotiate and influence international relations.

Question 11

Which of the following can "enhance ofr detract from White House leadership"?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following can "enhance ofr...

Question 12

According to the authors, which of the following presidential actions are more susceptible to influence by Congress?

Accepted Answer

Trade agreements are more susceptible to influence by Congress because they often require legislative approval or implementation, giving Congress a direct role in shaping or modifying them.

Question 13

The White House plays a vital role in ______.

Accepted Answer

The White House plays a vital role in agenda-setting by influencing and prioritizing policy issues for the government.

Question 14

Which of the following president roles is considered to be less formal than the others?

Accepted Answer

The role of chief communicator, often referred to as the "chief persuader" or "communicator-in-chief," is considered less formal than the others. This role involves the president using the media and public appearances to communicate with the American people, persuade public opinion, and garner support for their policies. Unlike the roles of chief diplomat, commander-in-chief, and chief executive, which are defined by the Constitution and involve formal powers, the role of chief communicator is more about the president's ability to influence public discourse and does not involve formal constitutional powers.

Question 15

Which of the following roles is considered to be more formal than the others?

Accepted Answer

The role of "chief diplomat" is considered more formal as it involves representing the country in international affairs and managing foreign relations, which are formal and official duties of a head of state or government.

Question 16

The commonly held view that presidents make foreign policy in the United States is a gross oversimplification.

Accepted Answer

While the President plays a significant role in shaping and directing foreign policy, this process also involves Congress, the State Department, the Defense Department, intelligence agencies, and other stakeholders, making it a complex and collaborative effort.

Question 17

The Shifting Leadership and Politics framework recognizes the complex and messy politics of the U.S.US foreign policy process.

Accepted Answer

The Shifting Leadership and Politics framework acknowledges the intricate and often chaotic nature of political dynamics and leadership roles within the U.S. foreign policy process, reflecting the diverse array of actors and interests involved.

Question 18

The Cold War context really fostered White House-dominated foreign policy and processes.

Accepted Answer

During the Cold War, the perceived need for rapid and decisive action in the face of the Soviet threat led to an increase in the centralization of foreign policy decision-making within the White House, as Presidents sought to respond quickly to international crises and manage the complex global standoff between the US and the USSR. This period saw a significant expansion in the role of the National Security Council and the Executive Office of the President in foreign policy processes.

Question 19

When it comes to politics of U.S.US foreign policy, what seems to exist, is a post-Cold War consensus.

Accepted Answer

The post-Cold War consensus in U.S. foreign policy has eroded over time, with increasing polarization and differing views on international engagement and strategy.

Question 20

Consensus has become a rare commodity since the Vietnam War.

Accepted Answer

Since the Vietnam War, the United States has seen a marked increase in political polarization and division, making consensus on many issues, especially foreign policy and military intervention, more difficult to achieve.

Quiz 14: Patterns, Processes, and Foreign Policymaking

is based on the premise that the avenues of influence afforded by the Constitution, the law, and practice give their own opportunities to shape foreign policy.