Question 1

As industrialization progressed, weapons improved in all of the following ways EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

The increase of black smoke emitted from automated weapons was not a deliberate improvement or feature of industrialization's impact on weapons. Instead, advancements focused on making weapons more efficient, accurate, and faster to load and fire. The emission of black smoke would be a byproduct of the technology of the time rather than a tactical feature designed to "fog" enemies.

Question 2

The following list is in correct chronological order:

Accepted Answer

The correct chronological order is: Marx and Engels' "The Communist Manifesto" (1848), Darwin's "On the Origin of Species" (1859), Freud's "The Interpretation of Dreams" (1899), and Einstein's theory of relativity publications starting in 1905.

Question 3

Karl Marx replaced Hegel's dialectical schema with one of his own, based on the concept of economic class struggle, or dialectical _________.

Accepted Answer

Marx's theory is known as dialectical materialism, which posits that history progresses through the conflict between opposing social classes, primarily driven by material economic conditions and forces.

Question 4

Over the course of the 19th century population in the industrialized nations of Europe:

Accepted Answer

The 19th century saw a significant migration from rural areas to cities in industrialized nations of Europe, as people moved in search of jobs in the burgeoning industrial sector. This urbanization was a key feature of the period, reflecting the changing economic landscape.

Question 5

The most controversial part of the Darwinian biological theory as spelled out in On the Origin of Species (1859) was that characteristics are passed on by means of "natural selection", and thus: __________.

Accepted Answer

The most controversial aspect of Darwin's theory was the idea that evolution occurs through natural selection, which operates without any purposeful direction or intelligence, making it seem like a random and haphazard process compared to the previously dominant views of creation and design.

Question 6

Among the factors that made industrialization in Belgium, northern France, and the northern German states more suitable in the 1830s than earlier in the century was:

Accepted Answer

The improved network of roads, canals, and railways facilitated transportation and trade, which were crucial for industrialization.

Question 7

The spinning mule, invented in 1779:

Accepted Answer

The answer of The spinning mule, invented in 1779:
...

Question 8

The objective of Taylorism was to increase the speed of industrial __________.

Accepted Answer

Taylorism, also known as scientific management, was developed by Frederick Winslow Taylor with the objective of increasing industrial efficiency by scientifically determining the best methods for any task, thereby significantly increasing the speed of production.

Question 9

One advantage enjoyed by Germany in its production of steel was:

Accepted Answer

Germany's development of sophisticated science research capabilities at universities contributed significantly to its advancements in steel production and other industrial sectors. This focus on scientific and technical education helped drive innovation and efficiency in industrial processes.

Question 10

Among the components that Siegfried Marcus designed for his combustion-engine automobile were all of the following except:

Accepted Answer

Siegfried Marcus, a pioneer in automotive engineering, did not design a keyless ignition system for his combustion-engine automobile. His contributions were more focused on fundamental mechanical components such as a carburetor, braking system, and shifting gears, which were crucial in the early development of automobiles. Keyless ignition systems are a much more modern invention, not associated with Marcus's work in the late 19th century.

Question 11

The Scottish engineer _________ patented his steam engine in 1769, creating a machine that was five times as efficient as previous models.

Accepted Answer

James Watt is the Scottish engineer who patented his steam engine in 1769, significantly improving the efficiency of previous steam engines.

Question 12

Children frequently began work in mines as "trappers", responsible for:

Accepted Answer

Trappers were young children who worked in mines with the responsibility of opening and shutting ventilation doors to maintain airflow, ensuring miners had enough air to breathe and reducing the risk of explosions.

Question 13

Between 1840 and 1870, the total mileage of railroads laid in Britain grew by a factor of ______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Between 1840 and 1870, the total mileage...

Question 14

Charles Goodyear invented a process in 1839 that produced _________ rubber.

Accepted Answer

Charles Goodyear invented the vulcanization process in 1839, which made rubber more durable by adding sulfur and applying heat, leading to what is known as vulcanized rubber.

Question 15

By the 1890s, the __________ in the United States produced over 90% of the country's petroleum.

Accepted Answer

By the 1890s, the Standard Oil Company, founded by John D. Rockefeller, had a near-monopoly on the petroleum industry in the United States, controlling over 90% of the country's petroleum production and refining capacity.

Question 16

In 1833, the Factory Act set a minimum age of 9 for child employees and limited the workday to _____ hours for children between the ages of 13 and 18.

Accepted Answer

The 1833 Factory Act limited the workday to 12 hours for children between the ages of 13 and 18. This was part of a series of Factory Acts passed in the UK to improve conditions for workers, particularly children.

Question 17

The speed and efficiency of telegraphic communication was vastly augmented with Alexander Graham Bell's invention of the telephone in ________.

Accepted Answer

Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876, which significantly improved the speed and efficiency of long-distance communication.

Question 18

The factors that made Britain especially suitable for launching the industrial movement included all of the following except:

Accepted Answer

The primary factors that made Britain suitable for the industrial revolution included a strong banking system, abundant natural resources like coal and iron, and a powerful merchant class. The scientific interests of kings were not a significant factor in launching the industrial movement in Britain.

Question 19

Even young children-some as young as __ years old-worked in factories, some alongside their parents as family units.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Even young children-some as young as __...

Question 20

Rifles designed by the German firms of Krupp and _________ pioneered the bolt-action, magazine, and clip-fed rifles that remained the staple of infantry weapons through two world wars.

Accepted Answer

Mauser was a German arms manufacturer known for pioneering bolt-action rifles, which became standard infantry weapons.

Quiz 26: Industrialization and Its Discontents, 1750-1914