Question 1

__________ argued that rational thought would not improve either the individual or the welfare of humankind; only recourse to the "will to power" will suffice.

Accepted Answer

Friedrich Nietzsche is the philosopher who argued that rational thought alone would not improve the individual or the welfare of humankind, emphasizing instead the concept of the "will to power" as a driving force.

Question 2

In February 1812, the British Parliament passed the _________, which made attacks on textile machinery punishable by death.

Accepted Answer

In February 1812, the British Parliament passed the Frame Breaking Act, which made the destruction of textile machinery, an act often associated with the Luddite movement, punishable by death. This was a response to the widespread protests against the mechanization of the textile industry, which was believed to be causing unemployment among skilled textile workers.

Question 3

In the late summer of 1845, Mary Paul, age 15, went to work in a spinning room in the booming mill town of Lowell, _______.

Accepted Answer

Lowell is a well-known mill town located in Massachusetts, famous for its role in the American Industrial Revolution and for employing young women, known as "Lowell Mill Girls," in its textile factories.

Question 4

In 1900 Sigmund Freud published his highly influential book on The Interpretation of _______, which developed his ideas of the subconscious mind.

Accepted Answer

In 1900, Sigmund Freud published "The Interpretation of Dreams," which was a foundational work in the development of psychoanalysis and introduced his theories on the unconscious mind and the significance of dreams in understanding the unconscious.

Question 5

The English philosopher Herbert Spencer proposed a theory that came to be called "social ________", which sought to apply the ideas of natural selection to races, ethnicities, and peoples.

Accepted Answer

Herbert Spencer is known for applying the concept of natural selection to society, coining the term "survival of the fittest." This approach is often referred to as Social Darwinism, which applies biological concepts of natural selection and survival of the fittest to sociology and politics.

Question 6

Two Germans, Gottlieb Daimler and Karl ______ are usually credited with inventing the automobile, but it seems more likely that the first combustion-engine automobile was created by Austrian Siegfried Marcus.

Accepted Answer

Karl Benz is the correct answer because he, along with Gottlieb Daimler, is credited with inventing the first true automobile powered by an internal combustion engine. Siegfried Marcus, an Austrian, did contribute to early automotive development, but Benz's work is more directly linked to the modern automobile.

Question 7

Ferdinand von Zeppelin's dirigible airship was kept aloft by the incorporation of bags filled with _________ gas and powered by two 16-horsepower engines.

Accepted Answer

Ferdinand von Zeppelin's dirigible airship used hydrogen gas to stay aloft because of its excellent lifting properties, despite the risks associated with its flammability.

Question 8

The most famous-and most radical-of British political feminists was _________, who together with her daughters formed the Women's Social and Political Union in 1903.

Accepted Answer

Emmeline Pankhurst was a leading British suffragette, who played a crucial role in the fight for women's suffrage in Britain by founding the Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU) in 1903, alongside her daughters.

Question 9

One social activist ___________, the child of a wealthy mill, drew attention to the abysmal conditions in his/her father's factories.

Accepted Answer

Friedrich Engels, the son of a wealthy textile manufacturer, is known for his work highlighting the poor conditions of factory workers during the Industrial Revolution, particularly in his book "The Condition of the Working Class in England."

Question 10

Although Samuel Morse had already invented a telegraph transmission code, it was only in the __________ that major continental landmasses were linked by submarine transoceanic cables.

Accepted Answer

The major continental landmasses were linked by submarine transoceanic cables primarily in the 1860s and 1870s, marking a significant advancement in global communication infrastructure during that era.

Question 11

An English _________ League was established for organizing sporting activities in 1888.

Accepted Answer

The English Football League was established in 1888 to organize football (soccer) competitions among clubs in England, making it the world's oldest league competition in the sport.

Question 12

By 1903, __________ had enhanced the power and range of his device enough to send the first transatlantic radio message, from Cape Cod in the United States to Cornwall in England.

Accepted Answer

Guglielmo Marconi is credited with sending the first transatlantic radio message in 1903, demonstrating the practical application of long-distance wireless communication.

Question 13

Beginning with a series of papers published in ________, Albert Einstein destroyed the Newtonian notion of a certain, absolute, and mechanistic universe.

Accepted Answer

Einstein published a series of groundbreaking papers in 1905, which is famously known as his "annus mirabilis" or miracle year, fundamentally changing the understanding of physics and the universe.

Question 14

By 1869 the first transcontinental railroad was joined with a final golden spike at Promontory Point, _______, resulting in an astonishing total of 53,000 rail miles in the US by 1870.

Accepted Answer

The first transcontinental railroad was completed with the driving of the final golden spike at Promontory Point, Utah, not in Colorado, Nebraska, or Missouri. This event marked the linking of the United States from coast to coast by rail for the first time.

Question 15

The first fully automatic __________ was conceived by Hiram Maxim, an American inventor and dabbler in electricity.

Accepted Answer

Hiram Maxim is credited with inventing the first fully automatic machine gun, which revolutionized military armaments.

Question 16

The Communist Manifesto declared, "The _________ have nothing to lose but their chains."

Accepted Answer

The correct term is "Proletarians," referring to the working class or workers, especially those without capital or property, who, according to Marx and Engels, have nothing to lose but their chains in the struggle against the bourgeoisie.

Question 17

Due in large part to concerns for the domestic woolen industry, the British Parliament enacted the protectionist ________ Acts of 1700 and 1720, which prohibited the importation of cotton goods from India.

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is the Calico Acts of 1700 and 1720, which were enacted by the British Parliament to protect the domestic woolen industry by prohibiting the importation of cotton goods from India, specifically those made from calico.

Question 18

Frederic A. Bartholdi, builder of the ___________, rhapsodized at the American Centennial Exhibition in 1876 that the mammoth Corliss steam engine had "the beauty and almost the grace of human form" in its operation.

Accepted Answer

Frederic A. Bartholdi, the sculptor behind the Statue of Liberty, was indeed present at the American Centennial Exhibition in 1876, where he was inspired by the technological marvels of the time, including the Corliss steam engine. His work on the Statue of Liberty, which was a gift from France to the United States, symbolizes freedom and democracy.

Question 19

Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels dashed off their pamphlet entitled The Communist Manifesto in the city of ____________.

Accepted Answer

Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels wrote The Communist Manifesto in London, where they were both living in exile at the time of its composition in 1848.

Question 20

By the 1830s, over __________ British people drew wages from textile factories.

Accepted Answer

The answer of By the 1830s, over __________ British people...

Quiz 26: Industrialization and Its Discontents, 1750-1914