Question 1

What is empirical evidence?

Accepted Answer

A

Question 2

Testimonial evidence is __________.

Accepted Answer

Testimonial evidence is based on personal opinions or experiences, such as those of individuals with strong beliefs or experiences regarding diversity, as described in choice A.

Question 3

Harassment that requires the employee to choose between the job and the sexual demands is __________.

Accepted Answer

Quid pro quo harassment involves a situation where job benefits, promotions, or continued employment are directly tied to accepting sexual advances or demands. This is essentially a "this for that" scenario, where the employee must choose between submitting to sexual demands or facing negative job-related consequences.

Question 4

Agencies that reflect the population they serve are more likely to function properly and be responsive to the needs and desires of minority populations, and enhance legitimacy of the public agency. Such an agency is known as a _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Agencies that reflect the population they serve...

Question 5

Legal challenges to discrimination in employment may be brought under which of the following?

Accepted Answer

All the options listed are legal avenues through which employment discrimination challenges can be brought. The Fourteenth Amendment Equal Protection Clause applies to state and local governments, the Equal Employment Opportunity Act of 1972 strengthens the enforcement of Title VII, and Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act prohibits employment discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.

Question 6

Double marginality refers to

Accepted Answer

Double marginality refers to the phenomenon where black officers feel pressure to prove their impartiality by being tougher on black citizens, leading to a higher likelihood of arresting them compared to white officers.

Question 7

Which of the following is a benefit to having racially mixed policing teams?

Accepted Answer

Racially mixed policing teams can have a moderating effect on officers of each race, help in socializing officers to interact better with citizens of different races, and serve as a symbolic benefit for the police department, showcasing diversity and inclusivity.

Question 8

Studies of the performance of women officers found that female officers __________.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that female officers are less likely to be charged with improper conduct compared to their male counterparts. They are often found to be as effective, if not more, in defusing potentially violent situations without resorting to excessive force or the use of their firearms as frequently as male officers.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT an example of an issue that policewomen often have to deal with?

Accepted Answer

Deciding who gets promoted is typically a responsibility of higher-ranking officers or administrative personnel, not a specific issue that policewomen have to deal with in the context of gender-related challenges. Police culture, pregnancy and maternity issues, and sexual harassment are all recognized challenges that policewomen may face.

Question 10

Police executives felt this was a fair and effective means of providing a professional force:

Accepted Answer

Civil Service systems were implemented to ensure that hiring and promotion within the police force were based on merit rather than political connections, which was seen as a way to professionalize the police force and make it more effective and fair.

Question 11

What was the ruling in the case of Griggs v. Duke Power Company?

Accepted Answer

The ruling in Griggs v. Duke Power Company was that employment practices, such as the use of tests and diploma requirements, that disproportionately impact minority groups and are not shown to be job-related, violate the Civil Rights Act of 1964 if they cannot be justified as a business necessity. This case established the principle of "disparate impact" in employment discrimination law.

Question 12

In the case of US v. Paradise, what was the Court's decision?

Accepted Answer

In US v. Paradise, the Supreme Court ruled that racial quotas could be used as a means of reversing past discrimination, finding that the specific use of a one-for-one promotion quota in the Alabama Department of Public Safety was a permissible remedy for the department's long history of racial discrimination.

Question 13

Which of the following statements is true concerning African American police officers?

Accepted Answer

All of the statements are true concerning African American police officers. Historically, black officers often faced restrictions on where they could patrol and whom they could arrest, were limited in their assignments, and there is evidence suggesting they could be more punitive towards black citizens than their white counterparts.

Question 14

What was the Court's ruling in the case of Detroit Police Officers' Association v. Young?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What was the Court's ruling in the...

Question 15

What is defeminization?

Accepted Answer

Defeminization refers to the process or actions aimed at neutralizing the perceived threat that women might pose to male dominance, especially in contexts or professions traditionally dominated by men.

Question 16

Reverse discrimination occurs when __________.

Accepted Answer

Reverse discrimination refers to situations where individuals feel discriminated against due to affirmative action plans that favor other groups, as described in option A.

Question 17

In what year was the first woman to hold full police powers hired?

Accepted Answer

In 1905, Alice Stebbins Wells became the first woman to hold full police powers in the United States.

Question 18

Where were the first women assigned to patrol work?

Accepted Answer

The first women assigned to patrol work were in the Indianapolis Police Department in 1968.

Question 19

Prior to the 1950s, the role of women in policing was restricted primarily to what?

Accepted Answer

Prior to the 1950s, women in policing were mainly assigned to roles involving the detection of purse snatchers, pickpockets, and shoplifters, as these were considered suitable for women at the time.

Question 20

The first African American female chief of a major US police department was in __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The first African American female chief of...

Quiz 12: Diversity and Inclusion