Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a source of data regarding police officers' use of deadly force?

Accepted Answer

PPCS (Police-Public Contact Survey) does not specifically focus on police officers' use of deadly force; it is more broadly concerned with contacts between the public and police, not detailing instances of deadly force specifically.

Question 2

In this type of conflict, an officer's behavior meets the expectations of some segments of the community but is inconsistent with both law and departmental policy:

Accepted Answer

Type 3 conflict occurs when an officer's actions align with certain community expectations but contradict both the law and the department's policies.

Question 3

This type of conflict occurs when there are differences between law and departmental policy:

Accepted Answer

Type 2 conflict arises when there is a discrepancy between the law and departmental policies, leading to a situation where individuals may have to choose between following legal requirements or adhering to the policies set by their department.

Question 4

How is type 3 conflict best described?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How is type 3 conflict best described?
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Question 5

What is defined as violence of a degree that is more than justified to affect a legitimate police function?

Accepted Answer

Excessive force refers to the use of force greater than what is necessary to accomplish a legitimate police function.

Question 6

In what case did the Court rule that psychologically coercive techniques interfere with constitutional ideas of fair play?

Accepted Answer

Miranda v. Arizona is the landmark case in which the Supreme Court ruled that the psychologically coercive interrogation techniques used by the police interfered with the Fifth Amendment's protection against self-incrimination, leading to the establishment of the Miranda rights.

Question 7

There are three categories for which data are required if the extent of the use of deadly force is to be determined. These categories are __________.

Accepted Answer

The three categories required to determine the extent of the use of deadly force are death, injury, and non-injury. These categories help in assessing the severity and consequences of the force used.

Question 8

Which of the following is true regarding extra-legal police aggression?

Accepted Answer

Extra-legal police aggression encompasses behaviors beyond the bounds of lawful enforcement, including physical violence, verbal threats, and insults, without serving a legitimate police function.

Question 9

Which of the following is true concerning the adoption of more restrictive deadly force policies by police?

Accepted Answer

More restrictive deadly force policies are often adopted as an alternative to the fleeing-felon rule, aiming to limit the circumstances under which police can use deadly force, particularly in cases where the suspect is fleeing and not posing an immediate threat to the officer or the public.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a change that states have made in regard to the use of deadly force?

Accepted Answer

All the options listed (A, B, and C) are indeed changes or reforms that have been made in regard to the use of deadly force, either through legal rulings, legislative changes, or policy adjustments within police departments.

Question 11

There are a number of factors that influence the use of deadly force. The neighborhood where the police do their work is an example of what factor?

Accepted Answer

The neighborhood where police operate is an example of environmental variations, as it reflects the external conditions and context in which police work occurs, influencing the use of deadly force.

Question 12

What percentage of incidents of police using deadly force involves an officer who is off duty?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What percentage of incidents of police using...

Question 13

This authorized the use of deadly force when a suspect of a serious crime was attempting to run from the police:

Accepted Answer

The Fleeing-felon rule historically allowed law enforcement officers to use deadly force to apprehend a suspect believed to have committed a felony and attempting to escape.

Question 14

Under the use-of-force continuum, this operates on the assumption that the visible authority of the state is sufficient to deter criminal wrongdoing:

Accepted Answer

The use-of-force continuum suggests that the mere presence of a law enforcement officer or the visible authority of the state can act as a deterrent to criminal activity, without the need for physical interaction or verbal commands.

Question 15

More restrictive guidelines concerning the police use of deadly force have resulted in what?

Accepted Answer

More restrictive guidelines on police use of deadly force aim to reduce unnecessary fatalities, leading to a decline in the number of citizens killed by police.

Question 16

The carotid hold and the arm bar-control hold are examples of what type of control?

Accepted Answer

The answer of The carotid hold and the arm bar-control...

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT one of the five changes in present-day laws and departmental policy regulating the use of deadly force that Blumberg identifies?

Accepted Answer

Blumberg identifies changes that have made the use of deadly force more regulated and scrutinized, including courts facilitating lawsuits against police actions, Supreme Court rulings against shooting unarmed, nonviolent suspects, and urban police departments enacting restrictive policies. The incorrect statement is that states have not modified the fleeing-felon rule, as in reality, changes in law and policy, including modifications to the fleeing-felon rule, have been part of the efforts to tighten the legal basis for the use of deadly force.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT one of the areas of research on the police use of deadly force?

Accepted Answer

Changes in immigration policy are not directly related to research on the police use of deadly force. Research typically focuses on factors such as individual and situational aspects, changes in law and policy, and environmental and departmental variations that directly impact police behavior and decision-making in potentially deadly encounters.

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a contemporary use of deception?

Accepted Answer

Option B is not a contemporary use of deception because it describes an action of integrity and honesty, not engaging in deceit. The other options (A, C, D) describe scenarios where deception is used in questioning or interactions with suspects.

Question 20

_____operates on the assumption that the visible authority of the state is sufficient to deter criminal wrongdoing.

Accepted Answer

Mere presence operates on the assumption that the visible authority of the state, such as the presence of a police officer, is sufficient to deter criminal wrongdoing without the need for physical force or verbal commands.

Quiz 10: Force and Coercion