Which of the Following Is NOT True About Rules of Confidentiality

Which of the following is NOT true about rules of confidentiality, as described by Beauchamp and Childress?

A) Rules of confidentiality have been followed carefully by physicians for centuries.
B) Rules of confidentiality are arguably the most widespread rules in medical ethics across time and cultures.
C) Rules of confidentiality are largely ceremonial unless an underlying medical culture values the protection of health information.
D) Rules of confidentiality have appeared in codes of medical ethics for centuries.