The Level of Risk That Arises from a Conflict of Interest

The level of risk that arises from a conflict of interest in health care, according to Beauchamp and Childress, depends on:

A) The likelihood that the professional will put the interests of a third party ahead of those of his or her patients and the magnitude of harm that may result
B) The number of competing interests that a professional is balancing in a given situation and the lack of respect the professional shows for his or her patients because of those competing interests
C) The probability that the professional's personal interests will have an undue influence on his or her judgments, decisions, or actions, and the magnitude of harm that may occur as a result
D) All of the above