Question 1

Dr. Mix-It-Up conducted a mixed methods study whereby data generated from one-on-one interviews with university teachers about their students' behaviour in class was changed into quantitative data through frequency counting. For instance, Dr. Mix-It-Up counted the number of times that teachers used certain language in their interviews, such as "cell phones" and "Facebook" to develop a descriptive list of students' off-task behaviour during university courses. What is it called when Dr. Mix-It-Up changes qualitative data into quantitative data?
A) Qualitizing quantitative data
B) Quantitizing qualitative data
C) Side-by-side comparison
D) Front-to-back comparison

Accepted Answer

Quantitizing qualitative data refers to the process of converting qualitative data (such as words, text, or images) into quantitative data (numerical form) for analysis, which is what Dr. Mix-It-Up did by counting the frequency of specific terms used in interviews.

Question 2

What is changing one form of data (e.g., quantitative) into another form of data (e.g., qualitative) an example of?
A) Data transformation
B) Side-by-side comparison
C) Sequential convergence
D) Data reflexivity

Accepted Answer

Data transformation involves converting data from one format or structure into another. This can include changing quantitative data into qualitative data or vice versa, among other transformations.

Question 3

Which mixed methods study design is depicted in the following image?
A) Exploratory sequential mixed methods design
B) Explanatory sequential mixed methods design
C) Concurrent mixed methods design with equal priority
D) Concurrent nested design

Accepted Answer

C

Question 4

Which mixed methods study design is depicted in the following image?

A) Exploratory sequential mixed methods design
B) Explanatory sequential mixed methods design
C) Concurrent mixed methods design with equal priority
D) Concurrent nested design

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which mixed methods study design is depicted...

Question 5

Which mixed methods study design is depicted in the following image? 
A) Exploratory sequential mixed methods design
B) Explanatory sequential mixed methods design
C) Concurrent mixed methods design with equal priority
D) Concurrent nested design

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which mixed methods study design is depicted...

Question 6

What is mixed methods research?
A) An approach to evaluating research in which all components of a research design align with one another
B) An approach to inquiry that systematically and purposefully combines quantitative and qualitative forms of research
C) A specific observation technique whereby researchers engage as a participant and researcher by taking part in activities and recording observations
D) A statistical analysis to use when researchers have two or more time points

Accepted Answer

Mixed methods research is an approach that combines quantitative and qualitative research techniques, theories, and concepts into a single study to provide a more comprehensive understanding of a research problem.

Question 7

What type of mixed methods research study includes quantitative and qualitative components that are conducted at essentially the same time?
A) Concurrent mixed methods research design
B) Sequential mixed methods research design
C) Exploratory mixed methods research design
D) Explanatory mixed methods research design

Accepted Answer

Concurrent mixed methods research design involves conducting quantitative and qualitative components simultaneously, allowing for comprehensive analysis without prioritizing one method over the other.

Question 8

What are the two general ways to plan the timing of the quantitative and qualitative components within mixed methods research?
A) Concurrently or sequentially
B) Exploratory or explanatory
C) Internal or external
D) Nominal or ordinal

Accepted Answer

Mixed methods research can be planned by integrating quantitative and qualitative components either concurrently (at the same time) or sequentially (one after the other).

Question 9

What is a side-by-side comparison?
A) A data set that contains modes on opposing ends of a distribution
B) A qualitative data generation technique used specifically in mixed methods research designs
C) An option for data integration in mixed methods research designs
D) An experimental design option used in mixed methods research designs that includes matching study participants

Accepted Answer

A side-by-side comparison is an option for data integration in mixed methods research designs, allowing researchers to directly compare or contrast quantitative and qualitative data.

Question 10

What type of mixed methods research study includes quantitative and qualitative components that are given unequal priority or weighting, with one method dominating while the other is embedded within the other method?
A) Concurrent nested designs
B) Concurrent transformation designs
C) Exploratory sequential designs
D) Explanatory sequential designs

Accepted Answer

Concurrent nested designs involve integrating quantitative and qualitative components in a single phase of research, where one method is primary and the other is secondary or "nested" within it, indicating unequal priority or weighting.

Question 11

What is positive reporting bias?
A) A strategy to enhance the trustworthiness, rigour, and validation of a qualitative study
B) The process of taking oral data and reproducing it as faithfully as possible as a written text
C) A format for presenting research at a conference
D) The selective revealing or suppression of information in research

Accepted Answer

Positive reporting bias refers to the tendency to disproportionately report positive or favorable results over negative or neutral ones in research, leading to a skewed presentation of findings. This can involve the selective publication of studies with significant findings or the underreporting of studies with nonsignificant or negative outcomes.

Question 12

Mixed methods research designs are largely undertaken by researchers with which philosophical worldview?
A) Constructivism
B) Transformative
C) Two-eyed seeing
D) Pragmatism

Accepted Answer

Pragmatism is the philosophical worldview most associated with mixed methods research designs. This approach allows researchers to use both qualitative and quantitative methods in a way that best addresses the research question, emphasizing practical outcomes and the value of multiple ways of knowing and inquiry.

Question 13

Which of the following has been identified as a benefit of doing mixed methods research?
A) Blending philosophical worldviews
B) Assisting sampling
C) Navigating timelines
D) Access to resources

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following has been identified...

Question 14

Which type of mixed methods research design can be a means for establishing triangulation?
A) Concurrent designs
B) Transformation designs
C) Exploratory sequential designs
D) Explanatory sequential designs

Accepted Answer

Concurrent designs involve collecting both qualitative and quantitative data simultaneously and are used for the purpose of triangulation, to compare or relate the two types of data, enhancing the validity of research findings.

Question 15

What type of data integration technique is used in the following example?
The purpose of this study is to investigate how athletes use self-talk during competition. An initial thematic analysis of qualitative interviews with 15 elite athletes identified nine themes about the use of self-talk. The themes were then numerically coded to statistically examine differences between self-talk uses by sport type.
A) Data transformation
B) Side-by-side comparison
C) Sequential convergence
D) Data reflexivity

Accepted Answer

The answer of What type of data integration technique is...

Question 16

What type of mixed methods research design is depicted in the following example?
The purpose of this study was to examine a school-based childhood obesity prevention program. Students in a grade 3 classroom were assessed on height, weight, physical activity, and eating habits before and after the delivery of a four-month classroom-based obesity prevention program. Students were invited to participate in focus groups at the start of grade 4 to reflect on their experiences in the program during the previous year.
A) Exploratory sequential mixed methods design
B) Explanatory sequential mixed methods design
C) Concurrent mixed methods design with equal priority
D) Concurrent nested design

Accepted Answer

This is an explanatory sequential mixed methods design because the study starts with quantitative data collection and analysis (assessments of height, weight, physical activity, and eating habits) followed by qualitative data collection (focus groups) to help explain the quantitative results.

Question 17

What type of mixed methods research design is depicted in the following example?
Walking is a common form of physical activity among older adults. This mixed-methods study explored the environment of 71 older adults' walking routes. Objective geographic location data was obtained through an app on participants' smart phones for six months, and participants engaged in phone-based interviews on a weekly basis throughout the duration of the study. Each phone interview lasted between 20 and 45 minutes, and provided sufficient time for the participants to discuss their weekly activity, including walking experiences, environmental facilitators and barriers, and ideas for improvement. While objective geographical information (e.g., distance of route) provided some information on the types of walking routes the participants utilized, the recalled features of the environment (e.g., green space) provides strong evidence for how to improve older adults' walking routes.
A) Exploratory sequential mixed methods design
B) Explanatory sequential mixed methods design
C) Concurrent mixed methods design with equal priority
D) Concurrent nested design

Accepted Answer

The answer of What type of mixed methods research design...

Question 18

What should drive researchers' decisions about when and how to integrate quantitative and qualitative components in a mixed methods study?
A) The research question
B) Statistics
C) The sampling frame
D) Inference

Accepted Answer

The research question is the primary factor that should guide researchers in deciding when and how to integrate quantitative and qualitative components in a mixed methods study. This is because the nature of the research question often dictates the most appropriate methodological approach to address it.

Question 19

What term refers to the weight or emphasis assigned to the quantitative and qualitative components in a mixed methods design?
A) Implementation sequence
B) Priority
C) Integration
D) Nested

Accepted Answer

Priority refers to the emphasis researchers place on either the quantitative or qualitative components in a mixed methods study, indicating which approach is of primary concern or carries more weight in the context of the research objectives.

Question 20

What process can researchers engage in to reflect on all aspects of a research study before its implementation that might be relevant when planning how to integrate a coherent mixed methods study?
A) Peer-review process
B) Knowledge translation
C) Categorization matrix
D) Armchair walkthrough

Accepted Answer

An armchair walkthrough is a process where researchers mentally simulate the execution of their study, considering all aspects and potential challenges before actual implementation. This reflective practice is particularly useful in planning coherent mixed methods studies, as it helps in identifying and addressing potential integration issues between qualitative and quantitative components early in the research design phase.

Quiz 10: Mixed Methods Research

What is changing one form of data (e.g., quantitative) into another form of data (e.g., qualitative) an example of?

Which mixed methods study design is depicted in the following image?

Which mixed methods study design is depicted in the following image?

Which mixed methods study design is depicted in the following image?

What is mixed methods research?

What type of mixed methods research study includes quantitative and qualitative components that are conducted at essentially the same time?

What are the two general ways to plan the timing of the quantitative and qualitative components within mixed methods research?

What is a side-by-side comparison?

What type of mixed methods research study includes quantitative and qualitative components that are given unequal priority or weighting, with one method dominating while the other is embedded within the other method?

What is positive reporting bias?

Mixed methods research designs are largely undertaken by researchers with which philosophical worldview?

Which of the following has been identified as a benefit of doing mixed methods research?

Which type of mixed methods research design can be a means for establishing triangulation?

What should drive researchers' decisions about when and how to integrate quantitative and qualitative components in a mixed methods study?

What term refers to the weight or emphasis assigned to the quantitative and qualitative components in a mixed methods design?

What process can researchers engage in to reflect on all aspects of a research study before its implementation that might be relevant when planning how to integrate a coherent mixed methods study?