Question 1

Neuroscience is best defined as
A) the study of the brain and the nervous system
B) the study of the mind and the body
C) the study of behavior and the mind
D) the study of unconscious neurons

Accepted Answer

Neuroscience is the scientific study of the nervous system, including the brain, spinal cord, and networks of sensory nerve cells, or neurons. It encompasses the structure, function, development, genetics, biochemistry, physiology, pharmacology, and pathology of the nervous system.

Question 2

This position on the connection between mind and brain holds that mind and the body are made of different material
A) materialsm
B) dualism
C) reductivism
D) deductivism

Accepted Answer

Dualism is the view that the mind and body are fundamentally made of different substances or materials. It contrasts with materialism, which holds that everything is physical, including the mind.

Question 3

The phrase "ghost in the machine" is most associated with
A) materialism
B) dualism
C) Marxism
D) empiricism

Accepted Answer

The phrase "ghost in the machine" is most associated with dualism, specifically as a term of critique used by Gilbert Ryle to describe René Descartes' mind-body dualism.

Question 4

Jenny believes that the mind and the body are both made of physical matter. Thus, Jenny believes in
A) materialism
B) dualism
C) reductivism
D) deductivism

Accepted Answer

Materialism is the belief that everything that exists is physical or material, including the mind and body, aligning with Jenny's belief.

Question 5

Evidence for materialism has come from patients in this medical state
A)aggravated assault state
B) post-traumatic state
C) persistent vegetative state
D) persistent alert state

Accepted Answer

Evidence for materialism, the belief that physical matter is the only or fundamental reality and that all being and processes and phenomena can be explained as manifestations or results of matter, has come from observations of patients in a persistent vegetative state. This state, characterized by the loss of cognitive functions and awareness of the environment while retaining wakefulness, suggests a strong link between brain activity and consciousness, supporting the materialistic view that consciousness arises from physical brain processes.

Question 6

The fact that parts of the brain initiate the process of performing actions before a person is aware of the behavior is consistent with
A) dualism
B) empiricism
C) behaviorism
D) materialism

Accepted Answer

This phenomenon aligns with materialism, which posits that physical matter, including brain processes, is the fundamental substance in nature, and that all phenomena, including consciousness and decision-making, are the result of material interactions.

Question 7

The complex biological system designed for electro-chemical communication among specialized cells in the body is called the
A) circulatory system
B) nervous system
C) communicative system
D) endocrine system

Accepted Answer

The nervous system is the complex biological system responsible for electro-chemical communication among specialized cells (neurons) in the body, facilitating responses to internal and external stimuli.

Question 8

The principal cell for communication in the nervous system is the
A) glia
B) T-cell
C) lipid
D) neuron

Accepted Answer

Neurons are the principal cells responsible for communication in the nervous system. They transmit information through electrical and chemical signals.

Question 9

Which of the following provides the best description of a neuron?
A)a cell that receives information and transmits it to other cells
B)a cell that encodes information in endocrine copies
C) a cell that supports neuronal health and function
D) a cell that lines the inside of the skull

Accepted Answer

Neurons are specialized cells in the nervous system that receive, process, and transmit information to other cells, primarily through electrical and chemical signals. This makes choice A the best description of a neuron. Choices B, C, and D describe functions or characteristics of other types of cells or are inaccurately described.

Question 10

The cells that send information to the muscles and organs of the body are called
A) sensory neurons
B) motor neurons
C) interneruons
D) protoneruons

Accepted Answer

Motor neurons are responsible for sending signals from the brain and spinal cord to the muscles and organs, initiating movement or action.

Question 11

The cells that convert physical energy into a form that may be transmitted to the brain are called
A) sensory neurons
B) motor neurons
C) interneruons
D) protoneruons

Accepted Answer

Sensory neurons are responsible for converting physical energy from the environment (such as light, sound, touch) into electrical signals that can be transmitted to the brain for interpretation.

Question 12

These cells vastly outnumber other neurons and function to pass messages between neurons.
A) sensory neurons
B) motor neurons
C) interneruons
D) protoneruons

Accepted Answer

Interneruons are responsible for transmitting messages between different neurons in the body, outnumbering other types of neurons. They play a crucial role in the central nervous system by facilitating communication and integration of sensory and motor information.

Question 13

These projections reach out from the cell body of a neuron.
A) dendrites
B) cell bodies
C) axons
D) terminal buttons

Accepted Answer

The answer of These projections reach out from the cell...

Question 14

Neurons receive information via _________ which are embedded in their membranes.
A) dendrites
B) axons
C) terminal buttons
D) synaptic receptors

Accepted Answer

Synaptic receptors are embedded in the membranes of neurons and receive information from other neurons.

Question 15

Also called the soma, this part of the cell contains the nucleus, where most of the genetic material for the cell is stored.
A) dendrite
B) cell body
C) axon
D) terminal button

Accepted Answer

The cell body, also known as the soma, is the part of a neuron that contains the nucleus. The nucleus houses most of the cell's genetic material, making the cell body crucial for the neuron's overall function and health.

Question 16

Bundled axons that form communication channels within the brain and spinal cord are called
A) dendrites
B) tracts
C) sheaths
D) nerves

Accepted Answer

Tracts are bundles of axons in the central nervous system (CNS), which includes the brain and spinal cord, that form communication channels.

Question 17

Bundled axons that form communication channels outside the central nervous system are called
A) dendrites
B) tracts
C) sheaths
D) nerves

Accepted Answer

Bundled axons that form communication channels outside the central nervous system are called nerves. Tracts perform a similar function but within the central nervous system. Dendrites are structures on neurons that receive signals, and sheaths refer to the myelin sheath that insulates axons, not the bundles themselves.

Question 18

Some axons are wrapped in this fatty layer that allows for faster neural transmission.
A)fatty acid
B) myelin sheath
C) myelin tract
D) lipid top-layer

Accepted Answer

The myelin sheath is a fatty layer that wraps around the axons of some neurons, allowing for faster transmission of electrical signals along the nerve cells.

Question 19

The small gaps in myelin on an axon are referred to as
A) nodes of Ranvier
B) nodes of Radinor
C) tracts of myelin
D) tracts of Ranvier

Accepted Answer

The small gaps in the myelin sheath along an axon are known as nodes of Ranvier. These nodes are crucial for the rapid conduction of nerve impulses along myelinated neurons, allowing for saltatory conduction.

Question 20

Neurotransmitters are released from this part of the neuron
A)cell body
B) axon
C) dendrite
D) terminal

Accepted Answer

Neurotransmitters are released from the terminal (also known as the synaptic terminal or axon terminal) of a neuron, where they then cross the synaptic gap to transmit a signal to another neuron or to a muscle or gland cell.

Quiz 2: The Brain, the Body, and Behavior

Neuroscience is best defined as

This position on the connection between mind and brain holds that mind and the body are made of different material

The phrase "ghost in the machine" is most associated with

Jenny believes that the mind and the body are both made of physical matter. Thus, Jenny believes in

Evidence for materialism has come from patients in this medical state

The fact that parts of the brain initiate the process of performing actions before a person is aware of the behavior is consistent with

The complex biological system designed for electro-chemical communication among specialized cells in the body is called the

The principal cell for communication in the nervous system is the

Which of the following provides the best description of a neuron?

The cells that send information to the muscles and organs of the body are called

The cells that convert physical energy into a form that may be transmitted to the brain are called

These cells vastly outnumber other neurons and function to pass messages between neurons.

These projections reach out from the cell body of a neuron.

Neurons receive information via _________ which are embedded in their membranes.

Also called the soma, this part of the cell contains the nucleus, where most of the genetic material for the cell is stored.

Bundled axons that form communication channels within the brain and spinal cord are called

Bundled axons that form communication channels outside the central nervous system are called

Some axons are wrapped in this fatty layer that allows for faster neural transmission.

The small gaps in myelin on an axon are referred to as

Neurotransmitters are released from this part of the neuron