Question 1

Which of the following is not an essential component of the psychological state known as emotion?
A) subjective feeling
B) cognitive changes
C) behavioral responses
D) irrational thinking

Accepted Answer

Irrational thinking is not considered an essential component of emotion. Emotions typically involve subjective feelings, cognitive changes, and behavioral responses.

Question 2

These psychological states are typically less intense than emotions, but may pervade a person's life for days, weeks, months, or possibly even years at a time.
A) affects
B) feelings
C) moods
D) arousals

Accepted Answer

Moods are psychological states that are less intense than emotions but can last for a longer period, affecting a person's state of mind over days, weeks, months, or even years.

Question 3

From an evolutionary perspective, it makes sense that many of our basic emotions are negative rather than positive because
A) harmful situations may have commanded our attention to a greater degree than situations that were benign or helpful
B) the only helpful situation that resulted in an emotion was sexual intercourse
C) humans that displayed more aggressiveness tended to pass on more of their emotional traits to future generations
D) the likelihood of experiencing a harmful situation is less than experiencing a helpful situation

Accepted Answer

Negative emotions often served as survival mechanisms, alerting early humans to potential dangers and encouraging behaviors that avoided harm, which is why harmful situations may have commanded more attention.

Question 4

According to Damasio (1994), after Elliot suffered damage to a circuit between the prefrontal cortex and the amygdala, and his emotional experiences were blocked from consciousness, Elliot's decision making
A) became more rational and efficient
B) led to a promotion at work
C) became dysfunctional and unintelligent
D) stayed relatively the same as before his injury

Accepted Answer

Elliot's decision making became dysfunctional and unintelligent after suffering damage to a circuit between the prefrontal cortex and the amygdala, which blocked his emotional experiences from consciousness. Damasio's research highlights the importance of emotions in rational decision-making processes.

Question 5

The ability to identify, manage, and express one's emotions constructively and to empathize with the emotions of others has been termed
A)intrapersonal intelligence
B) emotional intelligence
C) intersocial intelligence
D) social intelligence

Accepted Answer

Emotional intelligence refers to the capacity to be aware of, control, and express one's emotions, and to handle interpersonal relationships judiciously and empathetically.

Question 6

Members of all nationalities, cultures, and both sexes agree on this dimension of ideal affect, that is, we all want to "feel good" rather than "feel bad."
A) valence
B) activation
C) arousal
D) excitement

Accepted Answer

Valence refers to the intrinsic attractiveness/"good"-ness (positive valence) or averseness/"bad"-ness (negative valence) of an event, object, or situation. The statement describes a preference for positive over negative experiences, which directly relates to the concept of valence.

Question 7

Which of the following descriptions of ideal affect describes the dimension known as activation?
A) Bob enjoys stamp collecting because he likes the colors of the stamps.
B) Emily enjoys action movies mainly because they are exciting and stimulating.
C) Mary hardly every calls her parents for fear that they might intrude on her happiness.
D) Jackson prefers to listen to music that matches his mood.

Accepted Answer

Activation in the context of ideal affect refers to the level of energy or arousal that an individual seeks or enjoys in their experiences. Emily's preference for action movies because they are exciting and stimulating directly relates to seeking a higher level of activation or arousal, which is why option B is correct.

Question 8

According to basic emotion theorists, basic emotions are innate, entirely distinct, and can be compared to
A) the set of primary colors that can be blended to make other colors
B)the multitude of traits that make up the human personality
C) the number of cells in the retina of each eye
D) the distinctiveness of individual snowflakes

Accepted Answer

Basic emotions are considered innate and entirely distinct, similar to primary colors which are fundamental and can be mixed to create a wide range of other colors. This analogy highlights the idea that basic emotions are foundational and can combine to form more complex emotional experiences.

Question 9

Emotions like annoyance and rage, which are derived from anger, are referred to by some researchers as
A) secondary emotions
B) emotion schemas
C) reaction formations
D) emotional units

Accepted Answer

Emotion schemas refer to complex emotions that are derived from basic emotions like anger, incorporating cognitive and social components.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT considered to be a basic emotion by most psychologists?
A) fear
B) surprise
C) disgust
D) anxiety

Accepted Answer

Anxiety is generally not considered a basic emotion; basic emotions are thought to be universal and include emotions like fear, surprise, and disgust. Anxiety is more complex and can be seen as stemming from or leading to other basic emotions.

Question 11

Paul Ekman eventually discovered that specific facial muscles were involved in creating the expressions of basic emotion, and he has catalogued these muscular configurations into a coding scheme known as the
A) facial action coding system
B) emotion representation system
C) facial manipulation schema
D) system of orbicularis oculi

Accepted Answer

Paul Ekman developed the Facial Action Coding System (FACS) to categorize the facial movements that correspond to different emotions by analyzing the activity of facial muscles.

Question 12

In certain cultures or subcultures one is expected to express grief at funerals of loved ones by wailing, weeping, and pounding the coffin. The cultural standards for such behavior are called
A) emotion schemas
B) facial recognition
C) display rules
D) activation displays

Accepted Answer

Display rules are cultural norms that dictate the appropriate expressions of emotion in various situations, such as funerals. They guide how individuals should manage and express emotions according to the expectations of their society.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT among Ekman's dimensions of variation for display rules?
A) intensifying
B) neutralizing
C) masking
D) elaborating

Accepted Answer

Elaborating is not one of Ekman's dimensions of variation for display rules. Ekman's dimensions include intensifying, neutralizing, and masking, among others, which describe how individuals modify their emotional expressions in social contexts. Elaborating is not part of his framework.

Question 14

The average American college student tells at least how many lies a day?
A) one
B) two
C) three
D) four

Accepted Answer

The answer of The average American college student tells at...

Question 15

According to research, people can tell when someone is lying about
A) 50% of the time
B) 10% of the time
C) 90% of the time
D) 75% of the time

Accepted Answer

Research shows that, on average, people can detect lies with about a 50% accuracy rate, which is roughly equivalent to chance.

Question 16

All of the following are reasons why lie detection is difficult, EXCEPT:
A) the cues that a person is lying are faint
B) the cues that a person is lying are obvious
C) a person may be nervous when telling the truth and when lying
D) people are not easy to lie to under laboratory conditions

Accepted Answer

The cues that a person is lying are typically not obvious, which makes lie detection difficult. The other options (A, C, D) are valid reasons why lie detection can be challenging.

Question 17

Cognitive psychologists have determined that telling a lie is more demanding such that it increases a person's
A) perception threshold
B) just-noticeable difference
C) cognitive load
D) affective reasoning

Accepted Answer

Telling a lie requires more mental effort and resources, which increases a person's cognitive load.

Question 18

This early theory of emotion asserts that we are happy because we are smiling, sad because we are crying, and frightened because our hearts are racing and our palms are sweating.
A) James-Lange theory
B) Cannon-Bard theory
C) two-factor theory
D) cognitive appraisal theory

Accepted Answer

The James-Lange theory of emotion suggests that emotions occur as a result of physiological reactions to events. According to this theory, we feel emotion because of biological changes caused by stress in the body. For example, we feel happy because we smile, and we feel sad because we cry, which is the essence of the statement provided.

Question 19

This theory of emotion asserts that when some sort of emotion-laden event is perceived, the sensory impulses are relayed to the thalamus first. The thalamus in turn stimulates both the autonomic nervous system and the cerebral cortex at about the same time.
A) James-Lange theory
B) Cannon-Bard theory
C) two-factor theory
D) cognitive appraisal theory

Accepted Answer

The Cannon-Bard theory of emotion posits that emotional expression results from the function of hypothalamic structures, which leads to the simultaneous activation of the autonomic nervous system and the experience of emotion in the brain's cortex. This theory specifically argues against the notion that physiological arousal alone leads to the perception of emotion, suggesting instead that both the physical reaction and the emotional experience occur simultaneously and independently.

Question 20

The main weakness of both the James-Lange theory and the Cannon-Bard theory of emotion is that neither theory addressed
A) the implicit memory that we have for emotional situations
B)the input of the emotional environment on our well-being
C) the cognitive activity that must take place to experience an emotion
D) the nature of the emotional response in terms of motivation

Accepted Answer

The main weakness of both the James-Lange and Cannon-Bard theories of emotion is that they did not adequately address the role of cognitive activity in experiencing emotions. These theories focused on physiological and neurological processes, respectively, but did not fully integrate how our thoughts and appraisals of situations influence our emotional experiences.

Quiz 11: Emotion and Health

Which of the following is not an essential component of the psychological state known as emotion?

These psychological states are typically less intense than emotions, but may pervade a person's life for days, weeks, months, or possibly even years at a time.

From an evolutionary perspective, it makes sense that many of our basic emotions are negative rather than positive because

According to Damasio (1994) , after Elliot suffered damage to a circuit between the prefrontal cortex and the amygdala, and his emotional experiences were blocked from consciousness, Elliot's decision making

The ability to identify, manage, and express one's emotions constructively and to empathize with the emotions of others has been termed

Members of all nationalities, cultures, and both sexes agree on this dimension of ideal affect, that is, we all want to "feel good" rather than "feel bad."

Which of the following descriptions of ideal affect describes the dimension known as activation?

According to basic emotion theorists, basic emotions are innate, entirely distinct, and can be compared to

Emotions like annoyance and rage, which are derived from anger, are referred to by some researchers as

Which of the following is NOT considered to be a basic emotion by most psychologists?

Paul Ekman eventually discovered that specific facial muscles were involved in creating the expressions of basic emotion, and he has catalogued these muscular configurations into a coding scheme known as the

In certain cultures or subcultures one is expected to express grief at funerals of loved ones by wailing, weeping, and pounding the coffin. The cultural standards for such behavior are called

Which of the following is NOT among Ekman's dimensions of variation for display rules?

The average American college student tells at least how many lies a day?

According to research, people can tell when someone is lying about

All of the following are reasons why lie detection is difficult, EXCEPT:

Cognitive psychologists have determined that telling a lie is more demanding such that it increases a person's

This early theory of emotion asserts that we are happy because we are smiling, sad because we are crying, and frightened because our hearts are racing and our palms are sweating.

This theory of emotion asserts that when some sort of emotion-laden event is perceived, the sensory impulses are relayed to the thalamus first. The thalamus in turn stimulates both the autonomic nervous system and the cerebral cortex at about the same time.

The main weakness of both the James-Lange theory and the Cannon-Bard theory of emotion is that neither theory addressed