Question 1

According to tend-and-befriend theory, fighting or fleeing would not necessarily have been viable options for ancestral women under threat.

Accepted Answer

The tend-and-befriend theory suggests that in response to threat, ancestral women may have evolved to protect offspring (tend) and seek social alliances with others (befriend), rather than fight or flee, because direct confrontation or isolation could have posed greater risks to their survival and that of their offspring.

Question 2

Powerful correlational evidence now links chronic stress and certain personality factors with coronary heart disease.

Accepted Answer

Numerous studies have found significant associations between chronic stress, certain personality traits (such as Type A behavior), and an increased risk of developing coronary heart disease. These findings suggest that psychological factors can influence heart health.

Question 3

Researchers found that children trained in optimism had only half the rate of depressive symptoms of a group that had not experienced the training.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that training in optimism and positive thinking can significantly reduce the rate of depressive symptoms in children, as it helps them develop coping mechanisms and a positive outlook on life.

Question 4

Paul Ekman eventually discovered that specific facial muscles were involved in creating the expressions of basic emotion, and he has catalogued these muscular configurations into a coding scheme known as the ______________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Paul Ekman eventually discovered that specific facial...

Question 5

The ______________ theory of emotion asserts that we are happy because we are smiling, sad because we are crying, and frightened because our hearts are racing and our palms are sweating.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ______________ theory of emotion asserts that...

Question 6

According to Cannon and Bard, when some sort of emotion-laden event is perceived, the sensory impulses are relayed to the _______________, which then stimulates the autonomic nervous system and cerebral cortex.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Cannon and Bard, when some...

Question 7

The relief one may experience by expressing emotion is termed _____________, which comes from the Greek word for "cleansing."

Accepted Answer

The answer of The relief one may experience by expressing...

Question 8

Researchers estimated that about 50% of one's level of happiness is determined by _______________________, 10% by one's life circumstances, and 40% by one's "intentional activities."

Accepted Answer

The answer of Researchers estimated that about 50% of one's...

Question 9

The problem is that stress-response mechanisms are primarily adaptive for ______________ stress-intense perhaps, but relatively short-lived.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The problem is that stress-response mechanisms are...

Question 10

The reason that the stimulation of one system suppresses activity in the other is that the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems work as ___________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The reason that the stimulation of one...

Question 11

In the __________________ phase of the GAS model, vital regulation and rest functions have been compromised for so long that the body no longer has energy available to mobilize even for non-emergency activities.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the __________________ phase of the GAS...

Question 12

______________________ is the study of the interaction between psychology, the nervous and endocrine systems, and immune systems.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ______________________ is the study of the interaction...

Question 13

____________________________, a form of meditation training based on Buddhist meditation and psychology, has been shown to activate parts of the brain associated with positive emotion, and to strengthen immune response.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ____________________________, a form of meditation training based...

Question 14

Researchers agree that there is a basic set of emotions that are particularly well represented across different cultures. Identify all of the basic emotions and describe some of Paul Ekman's research on the facial action coding system and display rules.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Researchers agree that there is a basic...

Question 15

There are four general theories about how emotions are triggered by activation of the nervous system. Briefly describe all four theories and discuss how none of the theories is necessarily better than any of the others.

Accepted Answer

The answer of There are four general theories about how...

Question 16

Happiness is an important goal in most people's lives. Discuss genetic and cultural/environmental reasons why some people are happier than others.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Happiness is an important goal in most...

Question 17

Psychoneuroimmunology is a relatively new field that is important for the understanding of stress and coping. Describe one example of a disease that is caused by stress. Then discuss at least one way that people can learn coping strategies for dealing with stress.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Psychoneuroimmunology is a relatively new field that...

Quiz 11: Emotion and Health