Question 1

Martine does research on abnormality where she looks at a family. This type of research is considered:

Accepted Answer

Idiographic research focuses on individual cases or events to understand the complexity of a particular subject, such as studying a single family to understand an abnormality.

Question 2

Ibrahim does research on thousands of college students this broad approach is called:

Accepted Answer

Nomothetic approaches involve studying large groups of individuals in order to establish general laws of behavior, which fits the description of Ibrahim's research on thousands of college students.

Question 3

Assessments on groups are ______; assessing a couple or family is _______.

Accepted Answer

Assessments on groups often involve nomothetic approaches, focusing on general laws or principles that apply across individuals. Assessing a couple or family typically involves idiographic approaches, focusing on the unique aspects and dynamics of that specific couple or family.

Question 4

Delaney takes a broad self-report test designed to measure things like her level of aggression. She is most likely taking the:

Accepted Answer

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) is a broad self-report test commonly used to assess personality and psychopathology, including aspects like aggression.

Question 5

Gynnar is taking a test that measures his memory and functioning. He is most likely taking the:

Accepted Answer

The Wechsler tests, including the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC), are designed to measure a person's intellectual functioning and memory, among other cognitive abilities.

Question 6

An assessment that focuses on issues like symptoms, environmental influences, and personality variables is what type of assessment?

Accepted Answer

Psychodiagnostic assessments are designed to evaluate psychological traits, symptoms, and conditions, including how environmental factors and personality variables influence an individual's mental health.

Question 7

A neuropsychological test would be which type of assessment?

Accepted Answer

Neuropsychological tests are designed to measure cognitive functions and are therefore considered intellectual or cognitive assessments. They evaluate brain function by assessing memory, attention, problem-solving, and other cognitive abilities.

Question 8

Quentin was in a car accident and suffered brain injury. To get his license back he needs to have a ____ assessment.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Quentin was in a car accident and...

Question 9

An attempt to determine the causes, maintenance factors, and interplay of issues that influence the genesis and continuation of problems is known as a:

Accepted Answer

Formulation is the process in psychological assessment and therapy that involves determining the causes, maintenance factors, and interplay of issues that influence the genesis and continuation of problems. It is used to understand a client's issues in depth and to guide the treatment process.

Question 10

The expected course and degree of recovery of a disorder is known as a:

Accepted Answer

Prognosis refers to the expected course and degree of recovery of a disorder, including predictions about the outcome of a disease or condition.

Question 11

When scores on measures are used statistically to make decisions it is called the ____ approach. When scores are based on experience and intuition it is based on the ____ approach.

Accepted Answer

When decisions are made using statistical methods, it's referred to as the actuarial approach. When decisions are based on professional judgment, experience, or intuition, it's known as the clinical judgment approach.

Question 12

If I watch children aged 18 months, 24 months and 36 months play with a toy phone, behavioral differences I see between the groups would represent what kinds of data?

Accepted Answer

The answer of If I watch children aged 18 months,...

Question 13

Horoscopes, which make sweeping statements that appeal and apply to most people, illustrate the:

Accepted Answer

The Barnum effect refers to the phenomenon where individuals believe that vague, general personality descriptions apply specifically to them, even though these descriptions could apply to a wide range of people. Horoscopes often use such statements, making them a classic example of the Barnum effect.

Question 14

Even though it is statistically extremely unlikely that you will get bitten by a shark, after Jaws came out (or after a highly publicized case on TV) many people will stay out of the water and will state that shark attacks are actually somewhat common. This illustrates the:

Accepted Answer

This is an example of the base rate fallacy, where people ignore or undervalue the base rate (statistical likelihood) of an event (in this case, shark attacks being extremely rare) and overestimate the likelihood based on specific instances or stories (like those seen in Jaws or in the news).

Question 15

If I flip a coin 10 times and get heads 10 times, what is the probability that I will get tails on the next trial? It is still 50%. The fact that many people would argue higher illustrates the:

Accepted Answer

The answer of If I flip a coin 10 times...

Question 16

If a clinician believes certain signs or behaviors indicate some meaningful clinical entity when there is actually no relationship, it would be an example of a(n):

Accepted Answer

An illusory correlation occurs when a person perceives a relationship between two variables even when no such relationship exists. In the context of clinical practice, this means the clinician mistakenly believes that certain signs or behaviors are related to a specific clinical entity, despite the lack of evidence for such a connection.

Question 17

Omari believes that people act strangely on full moon nights. He is more likely to pay attention and remember all the times he is right than all the times there is a full moon and nothing happens. This is an example of a(n):

Accepted Answer

Omari's behavior is an example of confirmation bias because he pays more attention to and remembers the instances that support his belief about full moon nights, while ignoring or forgetting the instances that contradict it.

Question 18

Noel thinks that it always rains after you wash the car. This is an example of a(n):

Accepted Answer

Noel's belief is an example of an illusory correlation, which is the perception of a relationship between two variables when no such relationship exists. In this case, Noel perceives a connection between washing a car and subsequent rainfall, even though these events are not causally linked.

Question 19

Tariq believes that if you are a minority group member you are more likely to be in a gang. Research would suggest this is due to the:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Tariq believes that if you are a...

Question 20

Gwendolyn has a fear of flying because of all the times she has seen video of the planes crashing on 9/11. Research would suggest this is due to the:

Accepted Answer

Gwendolyn's fear of flying is influenced by the availability heuristic, which is a mental shortcut that relies on immediate examples that come to a person's mind when evaluating a specific topic, concept, method, or decision. The frequent exposure to plane crash videos, especially those of 9/11, makes those events more memorable and thus seemingly more common or likely to occur again, influencing her fear of flying despite the actual rarity of such disasters.

Quiz 6: Overview of Assessment