Question 1

Which theory argues that people are most likely to rebel when rising expectations are met by an abrupt decline in social rewards?

Accepted Answer

The theory that argues that people are most likely to rebel when rising expectations are met by an abrupt decline in social rewards is the relative deprivation theory. This theory suggests that when people perceive a discrepancy between what they have and what they believe they should have, they experience a sense of relative deprivation that may motivate them to take action to obtain what they feel is rightfully theirs. This can manifest in various forms, including protests, strikes, and even violent rebellion.

Question 2

Non-routine action can occasionally be unpredictable and uncontrolled.What other characteristic does non-routine organization usually have?

Accepted Answer

Non-routine organization is usually socially structured, meaning it has an underlying social organization or pattern even though its actions may appear unpredictable or uncontrolled. This structure helps in coordinating actions and achieving objectives despite the non-routine nature of the activities.

Question 3

In Vancouver,during the 2011 Stanley Cup riot,otherwise ordinary citizens began vandalizing cars and buildings in downtown Vancouver.Which theory would argue that this behaviour could be expected?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In Vancouver,during the 2011 Stanley Cup riot,otherwise...

Question 4

Which theory suggests that social movements emerge from collective actions when people who are discontented succeed in building a solid membership base?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which theory suggests that social movements emerge...

Question 5

When low-wage workers of one ethnic group and high-wage workers from another ethnic group compete for the same jobs,what is the likely result?

Accepted Answer

When low-wage workers of one ethnic group and high-wage workers from another ethnic group compete for the same jobs, it often leads to non-routine collective action. This is because the competition can exacerbate tensions and lead to organized efforts to address perceived injustices or inequalities.

Question 6

What do sociologists call Gustave Le Bon's argument?

Accepted Answer

Sociologists call Gustave Le Bon's argument the "contagion theory," which suggests that people in crowds lose their individuality and become swept up in a shared emotional experience, leading to irrational behavior.

Question 7

Which theory focuses on the gap between expected rewards and received rewards?

Accepted Answer

Relative deprivation theory focuses on the feelings of discontent that arise from the perception of a gap between expected and received rewards. It suggests that this perceived discrepancy can lead to frustration and potentially to social unrest or change.

Question 8

What do we call the situation where norms are violated,as part of breakdown theory?

Accepted Answer

According to the breakdown theory, when individuals experience strain or feel a sense of anomie (normlessness) due to the gap between cultural goals and the means to achieve those goals, they may turn to deviant behaviors as a way to cope with their frustration. This can manifest in the violation of societal norms, which is a key aspect of the breakdown theory. Thus, the best choice is B, strain.

Question 9

Having a doctoral degree,a job as a professor,and a large saving account are all examples of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

These are all examples of rewards or benefits that individuals may receive from society for their education, occupation, and financial management. These rewards, also known as social status or prestige, are highly valued and sought after in many cultures.

Question 10

In Vancouver,during the 2011 Stanley Cup riot,otherwise ordinary citizens began vandalizing cars and buildings in downtown Vancouver.Which theorist would argue that this behaviour could be expected?

Accepted Answer

Gustave Le Bon's theory of crowd psychology suggests that individuals in a crowd can lose their sense of individuality and become anonymous, leading to irrational and potentially violent behavior. This theory would support the idea that otherwise ordinary citizens could engage in destructive actions during a riot, such as the 2011 Stanley Cup riot in Vancouver. Charles Tilly's theory of collective violence, Emile Durkheim's theory of anomie, and Charles Fowler's theory of social control do not directly address crowd behavior or the potential for individuals to engage in violent behavior during a riot.

Question 11

Which theory of group action suggests that discontent is sometimes expressed collectively and in uncustomary ways?

Accepted Answer

Breakdown theory suggests that social discontent can lead to collective action, especially when traditional social structures are perceived to fail, leading individuals to express their grievances in uncustomary or innovative ways.

Question 12

When a social movement emerges from the collective actions of a group,what must discontented people succeed in establishing?

Accepted Answer

In order for a social movement to emerge, discontented people must establish an organizational base to coordinate and mobilize collective actions. Without a clear structure and plan, the movement is unlikely to gain momentum and achieve its goals. While charismatic leadership may be helpful in inspiring followers, it is not necessarily required for the movement to succeed. Equality for all group members and a reserve army of labor are not essential components for the emergence of a social movement.

Question 13

According to relative deprivation theory,when are people induced to rebel?

Accepted Answer

Relative deprivation theory suggests that rebellion or social unrest is likely to occur when there is a significant discrepancy between people's expectations and their actual opportunities or achievements, particularly when expectations increase but opportunities decrease.

Question 14

A group of single mothers protest cuts to welfare benefits. According to the textbook,what most likely have sparked this action?

Accepted Answer

Relative deprivation is the feeling of having a lower social status or less than what one feels entitled to, in comparison to others in society. The single mothers may perceive that they are being unfairly treated in comparison to other members of society who are receiving benefits, which could lead to them feeling a sense of relative deprivation and sparking their protest against cuts to welfare benefits. Absolute deprivation refers to a lack of basic necessities, such as food or shelter, which may not be the case here. Social breakdown and anomie are broader concepts that do not specifically relate to the issue at hand.

Question 15

The idea that a crowd can create a sense of invincibility in a person that allows her or him to yield to basic instincts he or she would normally not give in to is the central tenet of which of the following theories?

Accepted Answer

The idea that a crowd can create a sense of invincibility in a person that allows him or her to yield to basic instincts that he or she would normally not give in to is the central tenet of contagion theory. This theory suggests that individuals in a crowd can become highly suggestible and lose their sense of individual identity and responsibility.

Question 16

A group of homeless people,led by the Ontario Coalition Against Poverty (OCAP),occupies an abandoned building in the Four Corners area of Toronto.According to the textbook,what most likely sparked this action?

Accepted Answer

The group of homeless people led by OCAP occupied an abandoned building, which indicates that they were deprived of proper housing and resources. This action was most likely sparked by the deprivation experienced by homeless individuals in the Four Corners area of Toronto.

Question 17

According to the textbook,why were people predisposed to participate in the 1907 Vancouver Riot?

Accepted Answer

The 1907 Vancouver Riot was largely fueled by racist attitudes, particularly against Asian immigrants, which led to violent actions by the participants.

Question 18

When the white workers at the XYZ plant went on strike,the XYZ plant management brought in Sikh workers to do their jobs and paid them less than the white workers.According to the textbook,what is a likely outcome of this management strategy?

Accepted Answer

The answer of When the white workers at the XYZ...

Question 19

When evaluating breakdown theory,what do critics conclude may be viewed as "necessary but not sufficient" for non-routine collective action to take place?

Accepted Answer

Deprivation is often seen as a necessary condition for non-routine collective action according to breakdown theory, but critics argue that it alone is not sufficient to cause such action. Other factors must also be present for collective behavior to occur.

Question 20

In connection with the 1907 Vancouver Riot,what did breakdown theory argue that rapid economic growth produced?

Accepted Answer

The breakdown theory argued that rapid economic growth produced strain, which could lead to social unrest and conflict, as seen in the 1907 Vancouver Riot.

Quiz 21: Collective Behaviour and Social Movements