Question 1

The fact that Asian immigrants were willing to work for much lower wages than European Canadians fuelled deep resentment among European Canadians, especially when the labour market was flooded. What was the result of the conflict?

Accepted Answer

The conflict over wages and employment led to the solidification of racial identities and the belief that Asians could not be assimilated into Canadian society. This resulted in the implementation of discriminatory policies such as the Chinese head tax and the Japanese internment during World War II.

Question 2

Which kind of internal colonialism did Afro-Canadians experience before 1833?

Accepted Answer

Afro-Canadians experienced slavery as a form of internal colonialism before 1833. Slavery was a system in which black individuals were considered property and subjected to forced labor, violent punishments, and restricted rights. Afro-Canadians were brought to Canada as slaves and forced to work on plantations, in households, and in other forms of labor. This system of slavery created a hierarchy in which white individuals held power and control over black individuals, leading to a significant power imbalance and discrimination.

Question 3

In order to decrease the power of the union at the ABC Auto manufacturing plant, when contract talks broke down and the all-white union workers went on strike, the management at ABC recruited, hired, and bussed in low-wage Mexican workers. What is this situation called?

Accepted Answer

This situation is called a split labour market, which occurs when employers use racial or ethnic divisions within the workforce to create competition and suppress wages. By bringing in low-wage Mexican workers, the management at ABC Auto manufacturing plant effectively created a split labour market, pitting the union workers against the newly-hired workers and weakening the bargaining power of the union. The other choices, such as internal colonialism and segregation, do not accurately describe this particular situation. The new international division of labour refers to the global organization of production, which is not directly relevant to this scenario.

Question 4

Why did Asian immigration to Canada resume on a large scale in the 1960s?

Accepted Answer

In 1967, the Canadian government introduced a new immigration policy that eliminated racial criteria and put a greater emphasis on skilled workers and family reunification. This policy change allowed for increased immigration from Asia and other non-European countries.

Question 5

According to the text, which of the following is an advantage of continued ethnic group membership among white European groups?

Accepted Answer

The text states that "ethnic identity continues to provide emotional support and a sense of belonging for many people" and "white ethnic groups have continued to maintain a sense of solidarity and shared identity." Therefore, the advantage of continued ethnic group membership among white European groups is the emotional support of shared ethnicity.

Question 6

In a famous speech, American Civil Rights leader Martin Luther King said that Canada was known as the North Star by African Americans seeking to escape slavery. Escaped slaves organized a secret network of safe houses and tunnels which allowed the runaway slaves to eventually find their way to Canada, which had outlawed slavery. Canada was the North Star because Canada was to the North. What was the name of this secret network?

Accepted Answer

The name of the secret network used by escaped slaves to find their way to Canada is the Underground Railroad. Options A and B are not correct names of this network, and while option C sounds similar, it is not the historically accurate name for the network.

Question 7

Why did the Québécois begin, around the 1980s, to see themselves as an endangered species?

Accepted Answer

There was a demographic decline in the Québécois population, with francophones becoming a minority in certain areas and experiencing a decrease in birth rate. This led to a fear of cultural assimilation and a sense of being an endangered species.

Question 8

James is an Australian student spending a term in Canada. He and his classmates are comparing the policies of their respective countries with regard to immigration. James knows that Canada and Australia are both among the top three countries in terms of percentage of the population that are immigrants. What country is Jenna from if she tells them that she is from the other of the top three countries?

Accepted Answer

The answer of James is an Australian student spending a...

Question 9

What is the name of the well-known Afro-Canadian community located in Halifax that is an example of residential and social segregation?

Accepted Answer

Africville was a community in Halifax, Nova Scotia that was inhabited predominantly by Black Canadians until the 1960s when the government forcibly removed residents and demolished the homes. The community was subject to systemic neglect and discrimination leading to residential and social segregation.

Question 10

"Where low-wage workers of one race and high-wage workers of another compete for the same jobs, high-wage workers are likely to resent the presence of the low-wage competitors. Conflict is bound to result, and racist attitudes develop or get reinforced." This is the basic argument of which theory?

Accepted Answer

The theory being described is the split labour market theory, which argues that in situations where low-wage workers of one race and high-wage workers of another compete for the same jobs, racial conflict and discrimination are likely to occur. This theory emphasizes the role that economic competition plays in creating and reinforcing racist attitudes and behavior.

Question 11

As Canada's racial and ethnic diversity has increased, race relations have evolved from expulsion, conquest, slavery, and segregation to a society based on which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Canada's race relations have evolved to encompass segregation, pluralism, and assimilation, reflecting a complex history of dealing with diversity.

Question 12

Based on its focus, split labour market theory is a variant of which major perspective?

Accepted Answer

Split labour market theory is a variant of conflict theory, which focuses on the power struggles and inequalities present in social relationships and institutions. Specifically, split labour market theory examines the ways in which economic and social hierarchies reproduce themselves through the intentional separation of workers into different groups with unequal access to resources and opportunities based on factors such as race, ethnicity, and immigration status.

Question 13

A weakness of internal colonialism and split labour market theories is that they ignore which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The answer of A weakness of internal colonialism and split...

Question 14

What term is used for the ownership and control of people against their will?

Accepted Answer

Slavery refers to the ownership and control of people against their will. Colonialism, expulsion, and relocation may involve forced displacement of people, but they do not necessarily involve ownership and control over them.

Question 15

According to the 2011 Canadian census, where do black Canadians rank in terms of their size as a visible minority group?

Accepted Answer

According to the 2011 Canadian census, black Canadians are the third largest visible minority group in Canada, after South Asian and Chinese populations.

Question 16

The "underground railroad," was a network whose endpoint was Canada. Which of the following was smuggled along this "railroad"?

Accepted Answer

The "underground railroad" was a system of secret routes and safe houses used by African American slaves to escape to freedom in the North or Canada before and during the Civil War. Loyalists, war criminals, and alcohol were not typically smuggled along this network.

Question 17

Which of the following is a political advantage of ethnic group membership?

Accepted Answer

Access to resources can be a political advantage of ethnic group membership, as members of an ethnic group may support each other in gaining access to political, economic, or social resources.

Question 18

Inexpensive international communication and travel allow ethnic group members to maintain strong ties to their ancestral homeland in a way never before possible. Which of the following has this trend encouraged?

Accepted Answer

The trend of inexpensive international communication and travel has encouraged the formation of transnational communities, which allow ethnic group members to maintain strong ties to their ancestral homeland while also residing in different parts of the world. This has led to the emergence of new forms of cultural, economic, and social integration that transcend national boundaries. The other options, a globalized economy, a universal culture, and global equality, may be influenced by this trend, but they are not direct consequences of it.

Question 19

During their early years of immigration to Canada, resentment was directed at Asians, who provided cheap labour in the booming economy of Canada's West-particularly in British Columbia. To what has this resentment and resulting conflict been attributed?

Accepted Answer

The resentment and resulting conflict have been attributed to the split labour market theory, which explains racial and ethnic conflict within the labor market as a result of different groups being paid different wages for the same work, often leading to tensions between native workers and immigrant workers who are willing to work for lower wages.

Question 20

Until the liberalization of immigration policies in the 1960s, which of the following best described the situation of Afro-Canadians?

Accepted Answer

Prior to the 1960s, Afro-Canadians experienced residential and social segregation. They were often excluded from certain neighborhoods and faced discrimination in education, employment, and public accommodations. While slavery was abolished in Canada in the 19th century, Afro-Canadians faced ongoing systemic racism and marginalization. While some Afro-Canadians did work for CN Rail passenger trains, this was not the defining experience of the community as a whole. There were also a significant number of Afro-Canadians working in other industries, such as agriculture and manufacturing.

Quiz 7: Race and Ethnicity