Question 1

When the field of cognitive psychology first became prominent, it was considered a revolutionary development because it was a radical departure from

Accepted Answer

Cognitive psychology emerged as a radical departure from behaviorism, which heavily emphasized the study of observable behavior instead of mental processes. Psychoanalysis focused on unconscious thoughts and motivations, while the study of artificial intelligence is a separate field from psychology.

Question 2

Your sorority sister argues that AI machines will become intent on domination of the human race as soon as they realize that they are intellectually superior to humans. As a psychology major, you scoff at this position and argue that AI machines will never come to the realization that they are smarter than humans because they

Accepted Answer

Currently, AI machines do not possess the self-awareness necessary to come to the realization that they are intellectually superior to humans. They are simply programmed to complete tasks and do not have the ability to introspectively evaluate their own cognitive abilities relative to humans. While it is possible that AI machines could develop self-awareness in the future, it is currently unlikely. Therefore, the argument that AI machines will become intent on dominating the human race because of their intellectual superiority is not well-founded.

Question 3

Approaches that attempt to explain observable behavior by investigating mental processes fall under ________ psychology.

Accepted Answer

Cognitive psychology focuses on mental processes such as perception, memory, attention, and problem-solving as they relate to behavior. It seeks to understand how individuals process information in their minds to produce observable behavior.

Question 4

You have to cook dinner for 30 people on Saturday of this coming weekend. Your apartment is a mess, and you have nothing to wear. You decide to do your laundry Thursday night, buy the groceries on Friday, clean the apartment Saturday morning, and cook the dinner Saturday evening. This process of defining intermediate problems is known as

Accepted Answer

Creating subgoals refers to breaking down a larger problem into smaller, more manageable parts. In this scenario, the individual is breaking down the task of preparing for a dinner party into smaller subgoals such as doing laundry, grocery shopping, and cleaning the apartment. This is a common problem-solving strategy and can help avoid feeling overwhelmed by a large task. Heuristics refer to mental shortcuts or rules of thumb that can sometimes lead to errors in judgment. Algorithms are a step-by-step procedure for solving a problem and fixation refers to becoming stuck on one approach to a problem and being unable to consider other alternatives.

Question 5

In everyday situations, finding and framing problems can be difficult because most real-life problems

Accepted Answer

Most real-life problems are often vague, ambiguous, and not well-defined, making it challenging to identify and frame them appropriately. They may also be multifaceted and complex, requiring careful analysis and deeper understanding to be solved effectively. However, this does not necessarily imply that they cannot be resolved by an average person.

Question 6

Who would benefit the most from making subgoals?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Who would benefit the most from making...

Question 7

After reading the section of the textbook on concepts, Mary Jo comes to the conclusion that

Accepted Answer

The text states that concepts allow for cognitive efficiency and economy by grouping similar things together and allowing for easier retrieval of information.

Question 8

Dan is at an international food fest with his fraternity brother, Abayomi. When Dan is served a dish of Mopane worm stew, Abayomi tells him reassuringly, "That's good food!" Given that Dan understands the concept of food, Dan knows that

Accepted Answer

Abayomi, who is familiar with the cuisine, has given Dan assurance that the food is good. Dan, who understands the basic concept of food, can trust Abayomi's judgment and assume that it is okay to eat the worm stew.

Question 9

Your roommate argues that computers can perform several complex tasks better and more accurately than humans. You counter her argument with the mention of ________, a task that only humans can perform. ?

Accepted Answer

Developing new learning goals requires creativity, intuition, and a deep understanding of the learners' abilities and needs, which are all aspects that computers currently cannot mimic. While computers can analyze data and suggest potential learning goals, they cannot replace a human's ability to design personalized and effective learning targets.

Question 10

When using the computer as an analogy to explain the relationship between cognition and the brain, the brain is described as the computer's ________ and cognition as its ________.

Accepted Answer

The brain can be compared to the hardware of the computer, as it is the physical part that processes information, while cognition can be compared to the software, as it involves the mental processes such as perception, memory, attention, and problem-solving that are stored and processed by the brain hardware.

Question 11

Which of the following would NOT be a defining property of the prototype of an airplane?

Accepted Answer

The color of the prototype airplane is not a defining property as it can be painted any color. The other three properties listed are essential in defining the prototype of an airplane.

Question 12

Cognitive psychologists are interested in examining all of the following except

Accepted Answer

Cognitive psychologists focus on internal mental processes such as perception, attention, memory, and decision-making. Classical conditioning is a concept from behaviorism, which is a different field of psychology that focuses on observable behavior rather than internal mental processes. Therefore, classical conditioning is not typically studied by cognitive psychologists.

Question 13

Jim needs a backyard shed to house his motorcycle, and even though he has never built one, he decides to do it himself. He buys a book of professionally drawn detailed shed plans. In this situation, Jim is using a(n)

Accepted Answer

Jim is following a specific set of instructions from the shed plans, which can be considered an algorithm. An algorithm is a step-by-step procedure for solving a problem or accomplishing a specific task. Jim is not using a heuristic, which is a general problem-solving strategy that does not guarantee a solution, nor is he using a prototype, which is a preliminary model used to test and refine design concepts. A shortcut strategy implies a less formal or less structured approach to problem-solving, and Jim's use of the shed plans is quite structured and formal.

Question 14

Shantae is a sales representative and uses MapQuest to get driving directions to her clients' offices. Shantae is using a(n) ________ to get to her destinations.

Accepted Answer

Shantae is using a precise and ordered set of instructions (algorithm) provided by MapQuest to navigate to her clients' offices. Shortcut strategy and heuristic refer to cognitive strategies used by individuals to simplify decision-making and problem-solving, respectively. Prototype refers to a model or ideal example of a concept, and is not applicable to the given scenario.

Question 15

You have to study four chapters of information for your next test. If you decide to use the problem solving strategy of using subgoals, you must

Accepted Answer

Using subgoals involves breaking down a larger task into smaller, more manageable parts. In this case, the larger task is studying four chapters of information. A good approach, therefore, would be to break down the topics to be studied and focus on each in an organized sequence. This will help to make the overall task less daunting and more achievable, and increase the chances of success on the test. The other choices may not be as effective or relevant for this particular problem solving strategy.

Question 16

Who would benefit the most from making subgoals?

Accepted Answer

Todd, who has to complete a science fair project, would benefit the most from making subgoals. This is because a science fair project usually involves multiple tasks with different deadlines and requirements. By breaking down the project into smaller, achievable subgoals, Todd can track progress, stay organized, and ultimately complete the project more efficiently. The other tasks mentioned (raking the yard, washing dishes, and finishing a page of algebra) are relatively straightforward and may not require as much planning and organization.

Question 17

An effective way to strategize your organization of subgoals is to

Accepted Answer

Working backward in your planning can be an effective way to strategize your organization of subgoals, as it allows you to visualize the end goal and break it down into manageable steps. By identifying the ultimate goal and working backward, you can create subgoals that build upon each other in a logical and efficient way. This can lead to a more focused and effective approach to achieving your desired outcome.

Question 18

Sam manages a fast-food restaurant. He is frustrated because employees often call in sick at the last minute before they are supposed to start their shift. Given that Sam recognizes this problem, what should he do next?

Accepted Answer

Sam should define the problem in detail to understand the root causes and develop effective solutions.

Question 19

Levi Hutchins, a young clockmaker, resolved to rise at 4 A.M. every morning. This resolution motivated Hutchins to invent the alarm clock. The most likely first step in solving the problem of waking up early was for Hutchins to

Accepted Answer

Before finding a solution for waking up early, Hutchins needed to identify and frame the problem, which was the difficulty in waking up at 4 A.M. consistently. Once he defined the problem, he could focus on finding a solution, which led him to invent the alarm clock. Therefore, the most likely first step in solving the problem of waking up early was to find and frame the problem.

Question 20

Although used often, the comparison between the computer and human information processing is oversimplified. Why?

Accepted Answer

The comparison between the computer and human information processing is oversimplified because computer information input is pre-coded and ambiguities are removed before processing, whereas human information processing involves dealing with ambiguities, making judgments, and drawing conclusions based on incomplete or imperfect information.

Quiz 8: Thinking, Intelligence, and Language

When the field of cognitive psychology first became prominent, it was considered a revolutionary development because it was a radical departure from

Approaches that attempt to explain observable behavior by investigating mental processes fall under ________ psychology.

In everyday situations, finding and framing problems can be difficult because most real-life problems

Who would benefit the most from making subgoals?

After reading the section of the textbook on concepts, Mary Jo comes to the conclusion that

Dan is at an international food fest with his fraternity brother, Abayomi. When Dan is served a dish of Mopane worm stew, Abayomi tells him reassuringly, "That's good food!" Given that Dan understands the concept of food, Dan knows that

Your roommate argues that computers can perform several complex tasks better and more accurately than humans. You counter her argument with the mention of ________, a task that only humans can perform. ?

When using the computer as an analogy to explain the relationship between cognition and the brain, the brain is described as the computer's and cognition as its .

Which of the following would NOT be a defining property of the prototype of an airplane?

Cognitive psychologists are interested in examining all of the following except

Jim needs a backyard shed to house his motorcycle, and even though he has never built one, he decides to do it himself. He buys a book of professionally drawn detailed shed plans. In this situation, Jim is using a(n)

Shantae is a sales representative and uses MapQuest to get driving directions to her clients' offices. Shantae is using a(n) ________ to get to her destinations.

You have to study four chapters of information for your next test. If you decide to use the problem solving strategy of using subgoals, you must

Who would benefit the most from making subgoals?

An effective way to strategize your organization of subgoals is to

Sam manages a fast-food restaurant. He is frustrated because employees often call in sick at the last minute before they are supposed to start their shift. Given that Sam recognizes this problem, what should he do next?

Levi Hutchins, a young clockmaker, resolved to rise at 4 A.M. every morning. This resolution motivated Hutchins to invent the alarm clock. The most likely first step in solving the problem of waking up early was for Hutchins to

Although used often, the comparison between the computer and human information processing is oversimplified. Why?