Question 1

Cognitive theorists argue that people with hypochondriasis use their complaints as a ______ strategy.
A) withdrawal
B) passive-aggressive
C) self-aggrandizing
D) self-handicapping

Accepted Answer

Cognitive theorists suggest that individuals with hypochondriasis may engage in self-handicapping strategies. This means they might use their health complaints to create a legitimate excuse for potential failures or shortcomings, thereby protecting their self-esteem.

Question 2

According to cognitive theorists, attention to physical complaints can serve as a means of ______ other life problems.
A) avoiding
B) exaggerating
C) exacerbating
D) solving

Accepted Answer

According to cognitive theorists, focusing too much attention on physical symptoms or complaints can be a way of avoiding other life problems or stressors that are difficult to confront. This can lead to a cycle of preoccupation with physical symptoms, which in turn can exacerbate them and make them worse. Therefore, the best answer is A, "avoiding."

Question 3

According to the learning perspective, the symptoms of conversion and other somatic symptom and related disorders may be due to ______.
A) unconscious conflicts
B) reinforcement of the "sick role"
C) dissociation
D) la belle indifférence

Accepted Answer

The learning perspective suggests that symptoms of conversion and other somatic symptom and related disorders may be due to the reinforcement of the "sick role," where individuals may receive secondary gains such as attention, care, or relief from responsibilities, reinforcing the continuation of symptoms.

Question 4

From the learning perspective, somatic symptom and related disorders serve mainly to ______.
A) develop control over others
B) avoid or escape anxiety
C) force a person to withdraw from physically stressful situations
D) gain attention from others

Accepted Answer

Somatic symptom and related disorders are characterized by physical symptoms that are not fully explained by a medical condition and are often associated with anxiety. The purpose of these symptoms is to avoid or escape anxiety, making option B the best choice. Options A, C, and D are unlikely explanations for somatic symptom and related disorders.

Question 5

Some learning theorists see the hypochondriacally pattern of repeatedly seeking medical advice as a form of ______ disorder.
A) paranoid
B) panic
C) obsessive-compulsive
D) adjustment

Accepted Answer

Hypochondriasis involves excessive worrying and fear about having a serious or life-threatening illness, leading to seeking repeated medical advice despite reassurance of good health. This repetitive behavior is characteristic of obsessive-compulsive disorder, as the person cannot resist or control their urge to seek reassurance repeatedly. Therefore, the correct choice is C) obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Question 6

A distorted way of thinking about minor physical complaints is attributed to people with hypochondriasis by ______ theorists.
A) learning
B) cognitive
C) psychodynamic
D) humanistic

Accepted Answer

Cognitive theorists attribute hypochondriasis to a distorted way of thinking, specifically a preoccupation with minor physical complaints leading to excessive and unrealistic worry about one's health.

Question 7

Freud began his treatment approach, psychoanalysis, with the treatment of ______.
A) hysteria
B) hypochondriasis
C) somatization disorder
D) dissociative amnesia

Accepted Answer

Freud's initial patients were primarily women with cases of hysteria, characterized by physical symptoms without physiological cause.

Question 8

Recently, investigators proposed that symptoms associated with conversion disorder may involve a disconnect in the neural connections between parts of the brain that control certain functions such as speech and other parts involved in regulating _______.
A) anxiety
B) speech
C) planning
D) pain regulation

Accepted Answer

Conversion disorder symptoms are thought to involve a disconnect between brain areas controlling functions like speech and those regulating anxiety, leading to physical symptoms without a medical cause.

Question 9

La Belle Indifférence is believed to occur in hysteria because ______.
A) negative feelings are displaced
B) the apathy of depression sets in when anxiety is repressed
C) the physical symptoms alleviate anxiety
D) the person no longer has to deal with any underlying conflicts

Accepted Answer

La Belle Indifférence refers to a paradoxical lack of emotional concern or indifference towards one's symptoms, often seen in conversion disorder (formerly known as hysteria). This phenomenon is thought to occur because the physical symptoms serve to alleviate the anxiety associated with psychological conflicts, thus reducing distress.

Question 10

Therapists have reported that many with hypochondriasis terminate psychotherapy when told that ______.
A) their problems are psychological
B) they must stop reading the newspaper
C) they must do household tasks assigned to them by their parents or spouses
D) their therapy will be long term

Accepted Answer

Many with hypochondriasis have a strong belief that their symptoms are solely due to a physical illness and not related to psychological factors. Therefore, when told that their problems are psychological, they may feel invalidated or offended, leading them to terminate therapy.

Question 11

Cognitive theorists speculate that hypochondriasis and ______ share a common cause in distorted thinking, leading to misinterpretation of minor bodily changes as catastrophic.
A) pain disorder
B) somatization disorder
C) bipolar disorder
D) panic disorder

Accepted Answer

Cognitive theorists suggest that both hypochondriasis and panic disorder involve distorted thinking patterns, where individuals misinterpret bodily sensations as signs of severe illness or impending disaster.

Question 12

Which statement is true concerning the treatment of conversion disorders?
A) Controlled research has not been conducted even though the number of contemporary conversion disorder cases is adequate for such research.
B) Case studies of psychoanalytic treatment of conversion disorder have shown success.
C) Outcome research disputes the success of the psychoanalytic treatment of conversion disorders.
D) Freud's and Breuer's treatment of conversion disorders might have been successful, but the treatment of more modern psychoanalysts has not been successful.

Accepted Answer

Case studies of psychoanalytic treatment of conversion disorder have shown success, indicating that some patients have benefited from this approach.

Question 13

Physical disorders in which psychological factors play a causal or contributing role are known as ______ disorders.
A) psychosomatic
B) dissociative
C) adjustment
D) malingering

Accepted Answer

Psychosomatic disorders are conditions in which psychological factors play a significant role in the development, severity or maintenance of physical symptoms, such as asthma, ulcerative colitis, and migraines.

Question 14

The behavioral approach to treating somatic symptom and related disorders focuses on ______.
A) punishing hysterical behaviors
B) rewarding sources of primary gain
C) removing sources of secondary gain
D) stimulus generalization

Accepted Answer

The behavioral approach to treating somatic symptom and related disorders focuses on removing sources of secondary gain. This means that the therapist works with the patient to eliminate any benefits or rewards that they may be receiving from their physical symptoms, such as attention or sympathy from others. Punishing hysterical behaviors or rewarding sources of primary gain is not effective in treating these disorders, and stimulus generalization is not directly related to this approach.

Question 15

A soldier experiences sudden paralysis of his hand which prevents him from firing his rifle in battle. Instead of having to face enemy fire he is sent to a field hospital to recover. Since
He is not "faking," he is not perceived negatively by fellow soldiers, but instead is cared for
And given sympathy by the hospital staff. According to psychodynamic theory, the soldier
Has achieved ______ gains by getting sympathy from the hospital staff.
A) primary
B) secondary
C) intrinsic
D) extrinsic

Accepted Answer

According to psychodynamic theory, the soldier has achieved secondary gains by getting sympathy from the hospital staff. Secondary gains refer to unintended benefits or advantages that a person receives as a result of their symptoms or illness, such as attention or sympathy. These gains may unconsciously reinforce the behavior, making it more likely to continue.

Question 16

Asthma and headaches have traditionally been labeled ______ disorders.
A) phrenophysiologic
B) body psyche
C) psychosomatic
D) cranophysical

Accepted Answer

Asthma and headaches are often believed to have a psychological component, meaning they are related to emotions or stress, and thus have been categorized as psychosomatic disorders.

Question 17

Which disorder has been linked to obsessive-compulsive disorder by learning theorists?
A) somatization disorder
B) conversion disorder
C) pain disorder
D) body dysmorphic disorder

Accepted Answer

Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) has been linked to obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) by learning theorists. BDD is characterized by an obsessive preoccupation with a perceived defect or flaw in one's physical appearance, leading to compulsive behaviors such as excessive grooming or seeking plastic surgery. Learning theorists suggest that these behaviors are reinforced by the temporary relief of anxiety and distress, leading to a cycle of obsession and compulsion.

Question 18

A distorted way of thinking about minor physical complaints is attributed to people with ______ by cognitive theorists.
A) depersonalization disorder
B) body dysmorphic disorder
C) hypochondriasis
D) pain disorder

Accepted Answer

Cognitive theorists attribute the distorted way of thinking about minor physical complaints to individuals with hypochondriasis. Depersonalization disorder involves feelings of being detached from oneself or one's surroundings, body dysmorphic disorder involves preoccupation with imagined physical defects, and pain disorder involves persistent pain without a known medical cause.

Question 19

Recent research has found that ______ can be used to treat hypochondriasis and factitious disorder. .
A) mild tranquilizers
B) phenothiazines
C) analgesics
D) antidepressants

Accepted Answer

Antidepressants have been found to be effective in treating hypochondriasis and factitious disorder, as these conditions are often associated with underlying depression and anxiety. Mild tranquilizers and analgesics may offer temporary relief but are unlikely to address the underlying psychological issues. Phenothiazines are typically used to treat psychotic disorders and are not considered first-line treatments for hypochondriasis or factitious disorder.

Question 20

Recent research has shown that ______ is(are) effective in treating somatic symptom disorder and illness anxiety disorder.
A) modeling
B) cognitive restructuring and exposure with response prevention
C) psychodynamic insights into one's family of origin
D) aversion therapy

Accepted Answer

Recent research supports the use of cognitive restructuring and exposure with response prevention in treating somatic symptom disorder and illness anxiety disorder. These interventions aim to address maladaptive beliefs and fears related to physical symptoms, and gradually expose individuals to feared situations while preventing them from engaging in their usual reassurance-seeking behaviors. Modeling may be used to demonstrate healthy coping strategies, but is not a primary treatment intervention. Psychodynamic insights may be explored in therapy, but research does not support its effectiveness as the sole treatment for these disorders. Aversion therapy, which involves pairing a negative stimulus with a maladaptive behavior, is not a recommended treatment for somatic symptom disorder or illness anxiety disorder.

Quiz 6: Dissociative Disorders, Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders, and Psychological Factors Affecting Physical Health

Cognitive theorists argue that people with hypochondriasis use their complaints as a ______ strategy.

According to cognitive theorists, attention to physical complaints can serve as a means of ______ other life problems.

According to the learning perspective, the symptoms of conversion and other somatic symptom and related disorders may be due to ______.

From the learning perspective, somatic symptom and related disorders serve mainly to ______.

Some learning theorists see the hypochondriacally pattern of repeatedly seeking medical advice as a form of ______ disorder.

A distorted way of thinking about minor physical complaints is attributed to people with hypochondriasis by ______ theorists.

Freud began his treatment approach, psychoanalysis, with the treatment of ______.

Recently, investigators proposed that symptoms associated with conversion disorder may involve a disconnect in the neural connections between parts of the brain that control certain functions such as speech and other parts involved in regulating _______.

La Belle Indifférence is believed to occur in hysteria because ______.

Therapists have reported that many with hypochondriasis terminate psychotherapy when told that ______.

Cognitive theorists speculate that hypochondriasis and ______ share a common cause in distorted thinking, leading to misinterpretation of minor bodily changes as catastrophic.

Which statement is true concerning the treatment of conversion disorders?

Physical disorders in which psychological factors play a causal or contributing role are known as ______ disorders.

The behavioral approach to treating somatic symptom and related disorders focuses on ______.

Asthma and headaches have traditionally been labeled ______ disorders.

Which disorder has been linked to obsessive-compulsive disorder by learning theorists?

A distorted way of thinking about minor physical complaints is attributed to people with ______ by cognitive theorists.

Recent research has found that ______ can be used to treat hypochondriasis and factitious disorder. .

Recent research has shown that ______ is(are) effective in treating somatic symptom disorder and illness anxiety disorder.