Question 1

Which of the following is one of the 10 cognitive distortions related to depression as described by Burns?
A) all or nothing thinking
B) analytical reasoning
C) compartmentalization
D) objectivism

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is one of...

Question 2

According to Aaron Beck, ______ sets the stage for depression when one faces a personal loss or negative life event.
A) cognitive selection
B) cognitive erosion
C) cognitive dissonance
D) cognitive distortion

Accepted Answer

Cognitive distortion refers to negative and unrealistic thought patterns that can contribute to the onset of depression. These distortions may arise after experiencing a personal loss or negative life event. Aaron Beck is a prominent cognitive psychologist who has extensively studied these types of thought patterns and their link to depression.

Question 3

Luke reviews his annual performance evaluation from his boss. Although there is only one negative comment on the entire evaluation, Luke ignores the positive comments and focuses
Only on the negative comment. His cognitive error is ______.
A) overgeneralization
B) labeling and mislabeling
C) disqualifying the positive
D) mental filter

Accepted Answer

Luke's focus solely on the negative comment, ignoring the positive feedback, is an example of a mental filter. This cognitive error involves filtering out positive events and focusing exclusively on negative ones, which can distort one's perception of reality.

Question 4

The belief that depressed people make unrealistic demands on the people around them, leading to rejection by those people, is called _______.
A) situational theory
B) self-focus theory
C) interactional theory
D) humanistic theory

Accepted Answer

The belief that depressed people make unrealistic demands on others and thereby experience rejection is the basis of Interactional theory.

Question 5

Selective abstraction is a process used in which of the following cognitive distortions?
A) magnification and minimization
B) mental filter
C) jumping to conclusions
D) labeling and mislabeling

Accepted Answer

Selective abstraction is a process used in the cognitive distortion of mental filter, where a person selectively focuses on only certain aspects of a situation while ignoring others.

Question 6

An individual who routinely predicts that something bad is always about to happen even when there is no evidence to support this thinking is engaging in a type of cognitive distortion identified by David Burns as_______.
A) mind reading
B) fortune telling
C) overgeneralizing
D) weather forecasting

Accepted Answer

The type of cognitive distortion described is fortune telling, since the individual is predicting negative outcomes without any evidence to support their beliefs.

Question 7

Albert Ellis felt that creating unrealistic expectations, which he termed ______, can lead one to become depressed when one falls short.
A) shoulding
B) labeling
C) musterbation
D) incantation

Accepted Answer

Albert Ellis coined the term "musterbation" to describe the tendency to create unrealistic expectations or demands on oneself or others. This can lead to feelings of guilt, anxiety, and depression when these expectations are not met. Ellis believed that recognizing and challenging these musterbatory thoughts was an important step in achieving emotional well-being.

Question 8

Mac has a pain in his chest. Despite the fact that he just ate ten tacos and a can of refried beans, he convinces himself that he must be having a heart attack. His cognitive error is
______.
A) jumping to conclusions
B) mental filter
C) emotional reasoning
D) labeling and mislabeling

Accepted Answer

Mac is jumping to the conclusion that he is having a heart attack based on his physical symptoms, without considering other factors that may be causing discomfort in his chest such as his recent large meal.

Question 9

According to David Burns, a depressed individual who is dismissive of congratulations for a job well done and thinks "Oh, it's no big deal. Anyone could have done it," is engaging in the cognitive distortion of _______.
A) overgeneralization
B) emotional reasoning
C) disqualifying the positive
D) labeling and mislabeling

Accepted Answer

Disqualifying the positive is a cognitive distortion where an individual discounts or dismisses positive experiences, accomplishments or qualities, and focuses only on the negative aspects of a situation. In this case, the individual is downplaying their success and not allowing themselves to feel good about it, believing it was not a noteworthy achievement.

Question 10

Judd is a perfectionist. His cognitive distortion is most likely to be ______.
A) overgeneralization
B) emotional reasoning
C) should statements
D) all or nothing reasoning

Accepted Answer

Judd's perfectionism indicates a tendency towards all or nothing thinking, where he sees things as only being either perfect or a failure.

Question 11

Which of the following is true of the social interactions of depressed people?
A) They tend to respond too quickly to others.
B) They are very approving of other people.
C) They tend to be quire eager to engage with others.
D) They tend to be uninvolved and even impolite when interacting with others.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is true of...

Question 12

Coyne's interactional theory is based on the principle of ______.
A) coordinated communication
B) relational harmony
C) reciprocal inhibition
D) reciprocal interaction

Accepted Answer

Coyne's interactional theory emphasizes the reciprocal interaction between individuals and the role of feedback in shaping behavior. Therefore, the best choice is (D) reciprocal interaction.

Question 13

The process of pulling isolated negative details from an event and ignoring all the positive details from the same event, is known as ______.
A) catastrophizing
B) musterbation
C) selective abstraction
D) personalization

Accepted Answer

Selective abstraction refers to the cognitive distortion of focusing only on the negative aspects of a situation while ignoring the positive aspects. Catastrophizing is an exaggeration of the negative consequences of an event. Musterbation is the irrational belief that one must always perform at a certain level or meet specific expectations. Personalization refers to the tendency to relate external events to oneself even when there is no basis for such a connection.

Question 14

Cognitive theorists argue that depression results partially from ______.
A) anger turned inward
B) imbalanced social interactions
C) negative beliefs about oneself
D) a life lacking in purpose and meaning

Accepted Answer

Cognitive theorists believe that depression is caused by negative automatic thoughts and beliefs about oneself, the world, and the future. This negative self-talk can lead to feelings of worthlessness, hopelessness, and helplessness, which are common symptoms of depression. Anger turned inward (A), imbalanced social interactions (B), and a life lacking in purpose and meaning (D) are not typically cited as primary causes of depression by cognitive theorists.

Question 15

The "cognitive triad of depression" is a concept pioneered by ______.
A) Wolpe
B) Lazarus
C) Ellis
D) Beck

Accepted Answer

The cognitive triad of depression is a concept pioneered by Aaron Beck, a prominent cognitive-behavioral therapist. It refers to a negative view of oneself, the world, and the future that is often seen in people with depression. Beck believed that addressing and changing these negative thoughts was crucial in treating depression.

Question 16

Research on interaction theory indicates that ______ may best explain why depressed people are often rejected by others.
A) unrealistic demands by the depressed person
B) a lack of social skills in the depressed person
C) a lack of emotional energy in the depressed person
D) insensitivity by those surrounding the depressed person

Accepted Answer

Research on interaction theory suggests that depressed individuals may lack social skills, including the ability to communicate effectively, display positive emotions, and maintain satisfying relationships. This may lead to social rejection and further exacerbate their depressive symptoms.

Question 17

Aaron Beck refers to an error in thinking as ______.
A) cognitive dissonance
B) cognitive distortion
C) cognitive selection
D) cognitive erosion

Accepted Answer

Aaron Beck refers to an error in thinking as cognitive distortion. This refers to negative thinking patterns that can lead to emotional and behavioral problems.

Question 18

Which of the following beliefs is in the cognitive triad of depression?
A) negative beliefs about life
B) negative beliefs about one's family
C) negative beliefs about the world at large
D) negative beliefs about the past

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following beliefs is in...

Question 19

After Jed was "dumped" by his girlfriend, he began thinking that women cannot be trusted. He promised never to let himself get involved with another woman again, because "she will leave
Me just like my last girlfriend did." His cognitive error is ______.
A) labeling and mislabeling
B) emotional reasoning
C) overgeneralization
D) mental filter

Accepted Answer

Overgeneralization is the cognitive error in which a person takes a single negative event and generalizes it to all future situations. Jed's belief that all women cannot be trusted is an overgeneralization, as he is basing his belief on one negative experience.

Question 20

After winning a big competition at work, Fred dismisses the compliments he receives by saying, "Oh, it's nothing. Anyone could have done it!" His cognitive error is ______.
A) overgeneralization
B) labeling and mislabeling
C) disqualifying the positive
D) mental filter

Accepted Answer

Fred's cognitive error is disqualifying the positive, as he is dismissing the positive feedback he is receiving about his achievement. He is downplaying his success and not allowing himself to acknowledge and enjoy his accomplishment.

Quiz 7: Mood Disorders and Suicide

Which of the following is one of the 10 cognitive distortions related to depression as described by Burns?

According to Aaron Beck, ______ sets the stage for depression when one faces a personal loss or negative life event.

Luke reviews his annual performance evaluation from his boss. Although there is only one negative comment on the entire evaluation, Luke ignores the positive comments and focuses Only on the negative comment. His cognitive error is ______.

The belief that depressed people make unrealistic demands on the people around them, leading to rejection by those people, is called _______.

Selective abstraction is a process used in which of the following cognitive distortions?

An individual who routinely predicts that something bad is always about to happen even when there is no evidence to support this thinking is engaging in a type of cognitive distortion identified by David Burns as_______.

Albert Ellis felt that creating unrealistic expectations, which he termed ______, can lead one to become depressed when one falls short.

Mac has a pain in his chest. Despite the fact that he just ate ten tacos and a can of refried beans, he convinces himself that he must be having a heart attack. His cognitive error is ______.

According to David Burns, a depressed individual who is dismissive of congratulations for a job well done and thinks "Oh, it's no big deal. Anyone could have done it," is engaging in the cognitive distortion of _______.

Judd is a perfectionist. His cognitive distortion is most likely to be ______.

Which of the following is true of the social interactions of depressed people?

Coyne's interactional theory is based on the principle of ______.

The process of pulling isolated negative details from an event and ignoring all the positive details from the same event, is known as ______.

Cognitive theorists argue that depression results partially from ______.

The "cognitive triad of depression" is a concept pioneered by ______.

Research on interaction theory indicates that ______ may best explain why depressed people are often rejected by others.

Aaron Beck refers to an error in thinking as ______.

Which of the following beliefs is in the cognitive triad of depression?

After Jed was "dumped" by his girlfriend, he began thinking that women cannot be trusted. He promised never to let himself get involved with another woman again, because "she will leave Me just like my last girlfriend did." His cognitive error is ______.

After winning a big competition at work, Fred dismisses the compliments he receives by saying, "Oh, it's nothing. Anyone could have done it!" His cognitive error is ______.